Excipient Definitions Flashcards
used in liquid preparation to provide acidic medium for product stability
acidifying agent
used in liquid preparations to provide alkaline medium for product stability
alkalinizing agent
an agent capable of holding other molecules onto its surface by physical or chemical (chemisorption) means
adsorbent
agent responsible for developing the pressure within an aerosol container and expelling the product when the valve is opened
aerosol propellant
agent employed to displace air in a hermetically sealed container to enhance product stability
air displacement
used in liquid and semisolid preps to prevent growth of fungi. effectiveness of parabens is usually enhanced by use in combination
antifungal preservative
used in liquid and semisolid preps to prevent growth of microorganisms
antimicrobial preservative
used to prevent deterioration of preparations by oxidation
antioxidant
used to resist change in pH upon dilution or addition of acid or alkali
buffering agent
substance that forms stable water-soluble complexes with metals; used in some liquid pharmaceuticals as stabilizers to complex heavy metals that might promote instability. in such use, also called sequestering agents
chelating agent
used to impart color to liquid and solid preps
colorant
used as a filtering aid for its adsorbent qualities
clarifying agent
used to promote and maintain dispersion of finely subdivided particles of liquid in a vehicle in which it is immiscible. end product may be a liquid emulsion or semisolid emulsion
emulsifying agent
used to form thin shells to enclose a drug for ease of administration
encapsulating agent
used to impart a pleasant flavor and often odor to a prep
flavorant
used to prevent drying of preparations, particularly ointments and creams
humectant
liquid used as an intervening agent to reduce the particle size of a powder by grinding, usually in a mortar
levigating agent
semisolid vehicle for medicated ointments
ointment base
component of film-coating solutions to make film more pliable, enhance spread of coat over tablets, beads, and granules
plasticizer
used to dissolve another substance in prep of a soln, may be aqueous or not. cosolvents like water or alcohol may be used when needed.
solvent
used to increase thickness or hardness of a prep, usually an ointment
stiffening agent
vehicle for suppositories
suppository base
substances that absorb to surfaces or interfaces to reduce surface or interfacial tension. may be used as wetting agents, detergents, or emulsifying agents
surfactant (surface activate agent)
viscosity-increasing agent used to reduce sedimentation rate of particles in a vehicle in which they are not soluble
suspending agent
used to impart sweetness to a prep
sweetening agent
prevent tablet ingredients from sticking to punches and dies dies during production
tablet antiadherants
inert filler to create desired bulk, flow properties, and compression characteristics to tablets and capsules
tablet and capsule diluent
used to coat a tablet to protect against decomposition, mask a taste, or aesthetic purpose.
tablet coating agent
passes through stomach to break up in the intestines
enteric coating
generally breaks up in the stomach
sugar coating
forms a thin cover around a formed tablet or bead
film coating
used in direct compression tablet formulations
tablet direct compression excipient
used in solid forms to promote disruption of the mass into smaller particles more readily dispersed or dissolved
tablet disintegrant
used in tablet and capsule forms to improv flow properties of the powder mixture
tablet glidant
used in tablet formulations to reduce friction during tablet compression
tablet lubricant
used to render a coating opaque. may be used alone or with a colorant
tablet or capsule opaquant
used to impart an attractive sheen to coated tablets
tablet polishing agent
used to render solution similar in osmotic-dextrose characteristics to physiologic fluids, and irrigation fluids
tonicity agent
carrying agent used in formulating a variety of liquids for oral and parenteral admin
vehicle
oral liquids are generally ____ or ____
aqueous (syrups) or hydroalcoholic (elixirs)
IV solutions are generally ___
aqeous
IM injections are generally ___ or _____
aqueous or oleaginous
used to render preps more resistant to flow. used in suspensions to deter sedimentation
viscosity-increasing agent
