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Biology Unit 3 > Exchange of materials > Flashcards

Exchange of materials Flashcards

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1
Q

Osmosis: What is Osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the movement of water through a partially permeable membrane (just for Lucy)

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2
Q

Osmosis: How is it similar to diffusion?

A

It moves water molecules randomly and does not need energy from the cell

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3
Q

Osmosis: What is another way of saying High water concentration?

A

a dilute solution

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4
Q

Osmosis: What is another way of saying low water concentration?

A

a more concentrated solution

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5
Q

Osmosis: Is the cell membrane permeable?

A

the cell membrane is partially permeable

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6
Q

Active Transport: What do cells use active transport for?

A

Active transport is used to absorb substances across partially permeable membranes against the concentration gradient

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7
Q

Active Transport: What is needed for active transport?

A

Energy from repiration

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8
Q

Active Transport: What do cells absorb from dilute solutions?

A

ions

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9
Q

Active Transports: What can be reabsorbed in the kidney tubules by active transport?

A

Glucose

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10
Q

The sports drink dilemma: What happens when you exercise?

A

You muscles respire energy. Glucose is used in respiration

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11
Q

The sports drink dilemma: When you get hot you sweat what is in sweat ? What happens if you sweat too much?

A

Sweat contains water and mineral ions. If you sweat too much you can become dehydrated

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12
Q

The sports drink dilemma: What should you do after exercise? Why?

A

You should drink water or energy drinks to replace sugars, mineral ions and water to replace what you have lost during exercise.

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13
Q

The sports drink dilemma: What is in sports drinks?

A

Sports drinks are solutions of sugar and mineral ions

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14
Q

The sports drink dilemma: What does the water in sports drink do?

A

It helps to rehydrate your body cells

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15
Q

Exchanging materials: What are efficient exchange surfaces like?

A

Have large surface areas, thin walls, or a short diffusion path, also an effcient transport system

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16
Q

Exchanging materials: What increases the surface are of the lungs?

A

The alveoli (air sacs)

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17
Q

Exchanging materials: What has a special exchange surface?

A

Large, complex, organisms, to obtain all food and oxygen they need.

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18
Q

Exchanging materials: Where does the oxygen diffuses into?

A

Diffuses back into the many capillaries surrounding the alveoli

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19
Q

The sports drink dilemma: What are the benefits to sports drinks ?

A

Some sports scientists this it is just as good as drinking water for a short period of exercise. The drinks may be better to help athletes who need to replace mineral ions and sugers as well as water.

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20
Q

Exchanging materials: What has a special exchange surface?

A

Large, complex, organisms, to obtain all food and oxygen they need.

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21
Q

Ventilating the lungs: The lungs contain exchange surface of the breathing system, what is exchanged?

A

Oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide

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22
Q

Ventilating the lungs: Where the lungs situated?

A

In the thorax, inside the rib cage above the diaphragm (which separates the lungs from the abdomen)

23
Q

Ventilating the lungs: What happens when we breath in?

A

-The intercostal muscles, between the ribs and the diaphragm contract -The ribcage moves up and out and the diaphragm flattens -The volume of the thorax increases -The pressure in the thorax decreases and the air is dawn in

24
Q

Ventilating the lungs: What happens when we breath out?

A

-The intercostal muscles of the ribcage and diaphragm relax -The ribcage moves down and in and the diaphragm becomes domed -The volume of the thorax decreases -The pressure increases and air is forced out

25
Q

Ventilating the lungs: What is the movement of the air in and out of the lungs called?

A

Ventilation.

26
Q

Artificial breathing aids: What are some of the reasons why someone cannot get oxygen into their bloodstream?

A

-If the alveoli are damaged, the surface area for gas exchanged is reduced -If the tubes leading to the lungs are narrowed, less air can be moved through them -If the person is paralysed, their muscles will not work to pull the ribcage up and out.

27
Q

Artificial breathing aids: Name three breathing aids and explain them

A
  • The ‘iron lung’ was used for people with polio who were paralysed. The person lay with their chest sealed in a large metal cylinder. When air was drawn out of cylinder the person’s chest moved out and they breathed in. The vaccum which was formed inside the cylinder created a negative pressure. When air was pumped back in to the cylinder it created pressure on the chest and forced air out of the person’s lungs. -Breathing aids which force measured amounts of air into the lungs use positive pressure. Bags of air linked to masks can force air down the trachea. -Positive pressure aids are often smaller, easier to manage in the home can be linked to computers for control.
28
Q

What are used for active transport?

A

Transport Proteins

29
Q

How can active transport work?

A

The cells can absorb ions and release them

30
Q

Give an example of a process in the human body which uses active transport

A

Reabsorption of glucose in the kidney tubules

31
Q

Why are the lungs ventilated?

A

To maintain a steep diffusion gradient

32
Q

Which muscles control breathing and where are they?

A

Intercostal muscles between the ribcage and diaphragm

33
Q

Who was the iron lung used for?

A

People with polio who were paralysed

34
Q

What are the names of the upper and lower parts if the body? what separates them?

A

Thorax and abdomen separated by the diaphragm

35
Q

What do positive pressure aids force air down?

A

the trachea

36
Q

Benefits of positive pressure aids?

A

Small, easy to manage in the home, can be connected to a computer device for control.

37
Q

Exchange in the gut: The food we eat is digested in the gut into?

A

Small soluble molecules

38
Q

Exchange in the gut: Which part of the gut are small soluble molecules absorbed into the blood?

A

small intestine

39
Q

Exchange in the gut: What line the inner surface of the small intestine?

A

Villi

40
Q

Exchange in the gut: Name three things that make the villi an efficient exchange surface?

A

-Thousands of finger like projections which in increase the surface area where absorbtion takes place -The villi walls are thin and have many capillaries close to the wall providing a good blood supply -Soluble products of digestion can be absorbed into the villi by either diffusion or active transport

41
Q

Exchange in the gut: What similarities do villi and alveoli have?

A

They both have thin walls, large surface area and good blood supply

42
Q

Exchange in plants: Gases diffuse in and out of leaves through thiny holes called ____?_____

A

Stomata

43
Q

Name the gases and what they do?

A

-Oxygen ~ needed for respiration and waste products of photosynthesis -Carbon Dioxide ~ needed for photosynthesis and waste product of respiration

44
Q

The plants loose water vapour through the stomata due to?

A

evaporation

45
Q

How do leaves diffuse the gases?

A

The leaves are thin and flat. Internal air spaces which help to increase the rate of diffusion

46
Q

What do root hair cells do?

A

Increase the surface area of roots for the absorbtion of water and mineral ions

47
Q

If the plant is dry what will the stomata do?

A

It will close to prevent wilting

48
Q
A
49
Q

Transpiration:

Explain how water is lost from the leaves

A

Water goes up the roots passes through plant to leaves. In the leaves water evaportes from the leaf cells and water diffuses out through the stomata.

50
Q

The movement of water through the plant is ?

A

transpritation stream

51
Q

what causes the plant to dehydrate and dry up ?

A

Evaparation - more rapid in hot wind bringht places

52
Q

What happens to prevent excessive water loss?

A

guard cell can close

The leaves wilt - leaves hang down and shrivel reducing the surface area

53
Q

By what proces does water vapour move out of the leaves?

A

Diffusion

Biology Unit 3 (1 decks)

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