Exchange and transport in Animals

Question 1

do you need a high or low surface area to volume ration for efficient diffusion

Answer 1

high

Question 2

what are the three factors that affect the rate of diffusion

Answer 2

-distance substances diffuse more quickly when they havent as far to move
-concentration difference- substances diffuse faster if there is a big difference in concentration
-surface area- the more surface area, the more space there is for the molecules to move across

Question 3

how is the alveoli adapted for gaseous exchange

Answer 3

-has lots of CO2 and not much O2 to maximise the concentration gradient
-large surface area
-one cell thick

Question 4

what is the Ficks law

Answer 4

rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the surface area*concentration difference/thickness of membrane

Question 5

adaptations of arteries

Answer 5

walls are thick and strong
-small lumen
-high pressure

Question 6

adaptations of capillaries

Answer 6

really smaill
-permeable wall to allow substances to diffuse in and out’
-one cell thick to increase rate of diffusion

Question 7

adaptations of veins

Answer 7

low pressure
-large lumen
-valves to make sure blood flowing in right direction

Question 8

describe pathway of blood in the heart

Answer 8

-enters right atrium from vena cava
-goes to right ventricle
-goes to lungs
-enters left atrium
-goes to left ventricle
-then pumped to body via aorta

Question 9

formula of cardiac output

Answer 9

heart rate * stroke volume

Question 10

what is the formula of aerobic respiration

Answer 10

glucose+oxygen=carbon dioxide +water

Question 11

what is the formula for anaerobic respiration

Answer 11

glucose=Lactic acid