Excersice Physiology

Question 0

List the components of performance related fitness

Answer 0

Agility 
Balance 
Coordination 
Reaction time 
Speed 
Power

Question 1

List the components of health related fitness

Answer 1

Cardiorespiritory endurance 
Muscular strength 
Muscular endurance 
Flexibility 
Body composition

Question 2

What is cardiorespiritory endurance? Give examples

Answer 2

It is the ability to work for extended periods of time using your heart and lungs (aerobic capacity). An example would be in a high intensity game which includes running or swimming, hockey or water polo.

Question 3

What is muscular strength? Give examples

Answer 3

It is the total amount of muscular power or force you can use in one single movement. An example would be throwing a javelin.

Question 4

What is muscular endurance? Give examples

Answer 4

It is the ability to use your muscles for an extended period of time. An example would be repetitive push ups or sit ups.

Question 5

What is flexibility? Give examples.

Answer 5

It is your body’s ability to move along it’s axises with more range and ease. An example of someone who has good flexibility would be gymnasts.

Question 6

What is body composition? Give examples

Answer 6

It is the type of body you have which usually suits a particular sport. It’s a percentage of muscle, fat a bone. There is endomorphic (fat), ectomorphic (tall/skinny) and mesomorphic (muscular). An example would be for each one; weightlifting, netball and sprinting.

Question 7

What is agility? Give examples

Answer 7

It is the ability to change direction quickly and accurately. An example would be rugby or netball players.

Question 8

What is balance? Give examples

Answer 8

It is the ability to maintain posture and stability when stationery or moving. Example would be gymnastics.

Question 9

What is coordination? Give examples

Answer 9

It is the ability to carry out a series of movements smoothly and efficiently. An example would be catching and throwing a ball.

Question 10

What is reaction time? Give examples

Answer 10

It is how quickly you can respond to stimulus. An example would be starting any race.

Question 11

What is speed? Give examples

Answer 11

It is the ability to move body parts as quickly as possible and to get from one point to another in the shortest time possible. An example would be a 100m sprint.

Question 12

What is power? Give examples

Answer 12

It is how fast your muscles contract with maximum force. Basically muscular strength + speed = power! An example would be water polo shot.

Question 13

List the immediate responses of the cardiovascular system when you exercise.

Answer 13

Increased heart rate (beats per minute )
Increased stroke volume (volume of blood pumped per beat)
Increased cardiac output (Q, blood pumped per minute)

Question 14

List the immediate responses of the respiritory system when you exercise.

Answer 14

Increased breathing rate (breaths per minute)
Increased tidal volume (air intake per breath) 
Increased ventilation (air intake per minute)

Question 15

Describe diffusion.

Answer 15

Diffusion is the transfer of O2 and CO2 gases to an area of high concentration to low concentration, it is a way of evening out. Diffusion in the body occurs to transfer oxygen into the working muscles and take carbon dioxide out.

Question 16

What is fitness?

Answer 16

Fitness is the capability of the heart, lungs, blood vessels and muscles to function at optimal efficiency. It is how well and how long you can undergo intensive exercise and maintain the most powerful energy system.

Question 17

What is optimal efficiency?

Answer 17

It is the ability to cope with maximal demands placed on the body.

Question 18

What are the three energy systems?

Answer 18

ATP-CP system (adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate)
Lactic acid system
Aerobic system

Question 19

Describe the ATP-CP system.

Answer 19

It is the most immediate source of energy. It is immediate because it quickly uses the ATP already stored in the body, however these stored ATP are limited so this system only lasts up to 10 seconds. It doesn’t use oxygen, it is rapidly supplied, it used creatine phosphate as a fuel and it is very limited. An example where you just use the ATP-CP system would be a 100m sprint.

Question 20

Describe the lactic acid system.

Answer 20

When physical activity exceeds 10 seconds (after the ATP-CP energy is used up), the body then begins to use the lactic acid system as an alternative source of ATP. It doesn’t use oxygen, it is a fast supply of energy, it uses carbohydrates as a fuel (glucose), it has limited ATP production (1 molecule of glucose yields 2 moles ATP) and it is used for the first 1 to 2 minutes of exercise. An example of when the lactic acid system is used would be a swimming race (50m/100m)

Question 21

Describe the aerobic energy system.

Answer 21

The last source of ATP for the body. It does use oxygen, it is a slow supply of energy, it used glucose, fats and protein as fuels, it has an unlimited ATP production and last for long durations of endurance activity. An example when this energy system is used would be a sporting game like hockey or soccer.

Question 22

What is ATP?

Answer 22

ATP is the basic unit of energy that fuels all the activities and exercise.

Question 23

What role does protein play in the body?

Answer 23

It is used to rejuvenate, rebuild and replenish the worked muscles, most effective in the first hour after exercise.

Question 24

Explain how carbohydrates in foods convert to energy needed.

Answer 24

They convert to glucose for immediate energy and are stored in the muscles as glycogen to be used later as energy.

Question 25

List (in order) the fuels that are more capable of producing ATP.

Answer 25

1. Proteins
2. Fats
3. Carbohydrates

Question 26

List the immediate responses of the muscular system when you exercise.

Answer 26

Increase amounts of oxygen extracted from the blood
Increased muscular activation
Increased muscle temperature
Decreased energy stores

Question 27

What is carbohydrates stored as, where is it stored and what energy system is it used with?

Answer 27

Glycogen, muscle liver and lactic & aerobic systems.

Question 28

What is proteins stored as and where is it stored?

Answer 28

Amino acids and everywhere

Question 29

What is fats stored as, where is it stored and what energy system is it used with?

Answer 29

Fat, adapossed tissue, aerobic system.