Excavations Flashcards
Excavations by roads need what?
Traffic control and high visibility
How far do ladders need to come out of an excavation?
At least 3 feet above the ground
How far away from the excavation must be cleared?
2 feet from the edge
What has to be located before excavation work can start?
Electric, gas, water and sewers
Name 8 reasons why excavations can collapse?
- sloping or shoring not good enough.
- lack of shoring knowledge
- poor maintenance of shoring
- defective shoring maintenance
- materials to close to the edge
- under cutting of trench walls
- uninspected loads
- vibration and water
Where is the fraction point on a excavation?
Back from the face equal to 1/2 or 3/4 of the depth of the hole.
There are 6 main causes of soil instability, what are they?
- increase of depth of cut
- saturation and water content
- frost action
- vibration or shock
- material or equipment next to excavation
- the water pressure in the ground next to the sides of the wall.
Shoring, what does this mean?
A support system designed to stop the sides from caving in.
What is sloping excavation?
The sides are flared to a safe angle
What is bulk excavation?
It’s wider than 12 feet (3.66m)
Who’s responsibility is it to make people comply to building regulations?
Building control officer
An engineered excavation support system document has to be available on site, true or false?
True
An excavation has to be sloped for people to enter over what height?
4 ft
When sloping what’s the steepness the slop can be?
No steeper than 3 feet horizontal
No deeper than 4 feet vertical
How is shoring installed and removed?
Installed from the top down and removed from the bottom up
