Exan Prep Flashcards
Who was Jacques Cartier? How many attempts did he make to create settlements?
French explorer who made first contact with First Nations peoples, attempted 3 settlements but on final attempt he wasn’t wanted (Donacona’s death)
Samuel de Champlai, when did he come to explore Canada? Why was he more successful than Cartier?
1603, more successful because he promoted morale in New France and didn’t try to assimilate First Nation culture
Pierre de la Vendyre
Was a French Canadian military officer, fur trader and explorer. I’m 1730’s him ad sons opened opened up area west of Lake Superior
Pierre radisson
French fur trader and explorer, served as a guide translator for Hudson’s bay foundation and helped lead to formation of HBC
General James Wolfe
British army officer, known for victory in Battle at the plains of Abraham in Quebec, he died in battle
Louis Joseph de Montcalm
French military leader, died at battle of Abraham, not the best leader
Mercantilism
Popular economic philosophy is 17th and 18th century, British put restrictions on how colonies spent their money so they could control economy
History
Study of last events, particularly in human affairs
Primary source
A journal entry, autobiography, anything that written by someone in direct contact with event
Secondary source
Created by someone later who didn’t first hand experience event
Aboriginal world view
Interconnectedness, perspectives are different but world views are similar like belief interconnecdness of all living things
Historiography
Study of historical writing
Oral history
Historical evidence from stories or interviews or videos
Oral tradition
Communication where in knowledge, art, ideas and cultural material are received orally
6 major cultural groups of First Nations
Arctic, subarctic, plains, boreal, plateau, bc coastal
Land bridge theory
Bering land bridge led from Asia to North America and that is how First Nations people settled in North America
Le filles du roi
Young French women sent by the king to grow the population of New France “the kings daughters”
Acadians
Descendants of French settlers and sometimes indecency’s peoples of parts of Acadia , which are now Maritime provinces
Battle at plains of Abraham
13 September 1759, France vs Britain, British Invasion led by general james Wolfe is why Britain won, French lost land rights and French laws were abolished, First Nations were pushed west and assimilated
Treaty of Paris
1763, ended 7 years war
Terms: French gave up all territory in North America, French laws abolished,
HBC VS. NWTC
HBC: established in 1670, traded all over Rupert’s land
NWTC: 1779, the Mackenzie River and Athabasca
Both countries wanted more resources, for and land, HBC merged and took over NWTC
System of government in New France
God | King | Bishop-Governor-intendant | Captain of militia | Common folk
Seigneurial system
A form of land distribution, the king gave land to the land Lord’s who distributed it to habitants
Residents: built their own house, and farms, payed tithe to church, had access to water
Fall of New France
British troops occupied New France and it became a British colony after the 7 years war
Pontiac
Was a First Nations leader who led he rebellion to Detroit, tricked British troops into thinking they had a huge army based on their fears of First Nations
Poundmaker
Considered a peacekeeper, First Nations leader who didn’t take arms on northwest rebellion
Great migration
Period of high immigration to Canada from Britain, 1815-1850
Act of union
Proclaimed feb 10, 1841, abolished legislatures of lower Canada and established new political entity, province of Canada to replace
Baldwin-Lafontain Coalition
Cause of responsible government, speaker of house must know English and French
Quebec act
1774, reviled royal proclamation and enlarged Quebec’s territory, act guaranteed French language and allowed Roman Catholics to take roles in government
Responsible government
More commonly described as cabinet, government responsible for the people
American revolution
British gov. made colonies pay large tax after 7 years war so hey revolted against Britian and tried to become independent
American civil war
1861-1865, long standing controversy over slavery caused civil war (confederate soldiers, attack fort)
Affect of BNA: affected trade with US, damaged economy, Canadian soldier fought in war, caused fear in Canadian citizens
Loyalists
People who remained loyal to the British crown during the American revolution, most came from America and fled to Canada, they were promised land and freedom but they were lied to and black loyalists were sent to the coast to be servants
2 legendary military leaders who were killed in battle of 1812 at battle of queenston heights
Isaac Brock head of British forces since 1811, after invasion he worried about mood of population
General William Hull used propaganda to try to convince population not to oppose invasion
4 terms of royal proclamation
End of seigneurial system
French laws abolished
French had chance to learn English
First Nations had to continue to move west
Lower Canada rebellion
Colony: Quebec Rebel Group: patriotes Leader:Louis Joseph Papineau They revolted because French people were starvin because their crops were failing Their list of demands were denied
How was Louis riel? Where was he executed? Who did he get executed for treason?
Métis rebellion leader, executed in Regina, got Thomas Scott executed for treason
Who was military leader for Métis during northwest rebellion?
Gabriel Dumont
When did Manitoba become a province?
July 15, 1870
Canada’s first police force, what were they tasked to deal with?
Northwest mounted police, tasked to maintain order in Northwest Territories
Canada’s famous mob boss?
Al Capone
When and what is bloody Saturday?
June 21, 1919, the day of violence of the Winnipeg General Strike.
Why were soldiers from WW1 angry when they returned?
Because they returned to an economically failing country, there were very little jobs
Collective bargaining
Negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment
How many workers went on strike during the Winnipeg strike?
Somewhere around 30,000 workers
JS Woodsworth
A politician who was elected as a Labour Party member during the strike
Carine Wilson
First Canadian female senator
What is the suffragist movement?
The struggle for the right for women to vote
When did women get the right to vote? Which province was first to pass this? Why did women push for this?
August 18, 1920
Manitoba was first province
Because they wanted to prove hat they are equals to men and to be considered citizens
What is the national policy? Who created it? 3 terms?
Economic and political strategy of the Conservative party
John A Macdonald
1) building CPR
2) strong immigration policy to fill west
3) protection of infant Canadian industry
Who was minister of interior that opened up west?
Clifford Sifton
Why did people want to move west? What did government promise? How much was land?
Because of open farm lands and opportunities, Métis and First Nations were pushed west
Land cost $100
Which European countries were most desired for immigrants?
Ukraine, Britian, Poland, Germany
Which countries were not desired?
African countries, Jewish people
Because they didn’t know how to farm on Canadian soil
Who was prime minister during during immigration boom on 1910?
Wilfred Laurier
What treaty was signed by an independent Canada duri WW1?
The treaty of Versailles, signed June 28 1919
Who was prime minister during WW1?
Robert Borden
Battle at Ypres
October 19,1914 Western Belgium Germany, French, British It was the first battle of 3 battles to control he city During the race to the sea
Sommes
July 1, 1916
British and French vs German empire
Goal was to relieve French army and to weaken German forces
One of the bloodiest military battles in history
Passchendele
“Third battle of Ypres” Late summer of 1917 Goal was to capture of Passchendele British, Canadian, German Fought in village of passchendele
Vimy ridge
First occasion where all 4 divisions of Canadian corps and its 100,000 soldiers
British, Canadian, German, French
To divert German resources from French assaults
Autumn of 1916
Amiens
Fought in Amiens France
Helped bring end to WW1
August 1918
French, German, Canadian
What is significant about hear battles relationships to Canada?
Because this was Canada’s first time coming together as a country to fight
What is significant about First Nations participation?
1/3 of First Nations population voulentarily enlisted, they lost their status because they were off the reserve for too long
Women’s role in WW1
They filled in the jobs of men that were gone, in factories and farms and hey also worked as nurses and raised funds and supplies for soldiers
Confederation
July 1, 1867
Fraser river gold rush
1858
Treaty of versallies signing
June 28,1919
Execution of Sir Thomas Scott
It made people believe that Métis people were ruthless savages who weren’t opposed to fighting and that they weren’t civilized, he was executed for treason (racism against metis)
Statue of Westminster
Granted Dominion of Canada colonies full legal freedom
When did the first residential school open? Who operated the school?
The 1840’s
Roman Catholic priests and nuns ran the schools
We’re children forced to go to residential schools?
Yes, made them more self sufficient , less reliant on government funding
When did the last residential school close?
1996
What Canadian products were in high demand after WW1?
Wheat, newsprint, lumber
3 outcomes of the changes of use of credit
Merchants and banks began lending money
Available for investing in stock
Credit was given for short periods of time in small amounts
Black Tuesday, what happened? How much estimated money did the Canadian stock exchange lose?
Panicked Canadians began to sell their stocks, October 29, 1929
Canada lost $1 million every minute
What other countries suffered from the stock market crash became known as “depression”
US, Germany, Japan, Great Britain
Who were European countries blaming for economic deficit?
Germany, because why’re blamed for starting WW1
Regional disparities, who suffered most in Canada?
Differences in resources, wages, income , jobs
Prairie and Atlantic provinces suffered most
What other factors made prairies/ Parker’s suffer the most from the depression that we’re not in their control?
Coal mines I. Atlantic provinces began to close, the gov approved 200% in railway fees
Lack of rainfalls caused “Canadian dust bowl” abundance of grasshoppers ate crops
How do u feel about the way Mackenzie kind and Bennett responded to the depression?
I feel Mackenzie was too relaxed, he wasn’t doin anything about the problem just reassured Canadians
I would act like Bennett, allowing unemployment relief act
Unemployment relief act? What did it provide? How did people feel?
It allowed $20 million for relief projects, responsibility was given to municipal governments
People were embarrassed to accept gov. Hand outs
Bennett started this in 1931
Anti Semitic
To have prejudice against Jewish people
Refugees
People who leave their home country because of a fear of persecution due to race religion nationality
Deportation
Expulsion of someone from a country sent to their country of origin
