Exams Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: The choice of coil for any examination is one of the most important factors that determines the resultant SNR of the image.

A

True

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2
Q

Which of the following are true when using any type of coil?

Check that the cables are intact (i.e. not damaged)

Check that the coil is plugged in properly

Place the coil as close as possible to the area under examination

Place the coil on bare skin, wires crossed

A

Check that the cables are intact (i.e. not damaged)

Check that the coil is plugged in properly

Place the coil as close as possible to the area under examination

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3
Q

Image quality is dependent on which of the following factors?

SNR

CNR

Spatial resolution

Scan time

A

SNR

CNR

Spatial resolution

Scan time

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4
Q

Which of the following best defines CNR?

The ratio of the amplitude of signal received by the coil to the amplitude of the noise

The difference in the SNR between two adjacent areas

The ability to distinguish between two points as separate and distinct

The time required to complete the acquisition of data

A

The difference in the SNR between two adjacent areas

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5
Q

Spatial resolution may be increased by selecting which of the following?

Thick slices

Coarse matrices

Thin Slices

A large FOV

A

Thin Slices

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6
Q

Which of the following best represents a coarse matrix?

512 X 512

256 X 128

256 X 256

A

256 X 128

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7
Q

Which of the following best defines spatial resolution?

The difference in the SNR between two adjacent areas

The ratio of the amplitude of signal received by the coil to the amplitude of the noise

The ability to distinguish two between two points as separate and distinct

The time required to complete the acquisition of data

A

The ability to distinguish two between two points as separate and distinct

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8
Q

Scan time can be decreased by using which of the following?

The most NEX allowable

A fine matrix

A short TR

A long TR

A

A short TR

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9
Q

CNR between pathology and other structures can best be demonstrated by which of the following?

Utilizing T1 sequences

Non-contrast studies

Lower field strength magnets

Suppression of normal tissues via sequences that null signal from certain tissues (i.e. FLAIR, STIR)

A

Suppression of normal tissues via sequences that null signal from certain tissues (i.e. FLAIR, STIR)

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10
Q

SNR may be increased by using which of the following?

A small FOV

A coarse matrix

A fine matrix

Gradient echo sequences

A

A coarse matrix

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11
Q

T/F: If a technologist increases the matrix on a sequence (assuming the FOV remains the same), the spatial resolution will increase, but the SNR will decrease

A

True

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12
Q

T/F: Increasing the TR results in increased SNR and increased scan time.

A

True

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13
Q

T/F: Inversion recovery sequences begin with a 180 degree pulse.

A

True

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14
Q

Which of the following sequences uses a 90 degree flip angle followed by several 180 degree rephasing pulses?

SE

FSE

IR

GRE

A

FSE

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15
Q

Which of the following sequences fills all of K space in one repetition by using very long echo trains?

EPI

GRE

STIR

SE

A

EPI

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16
Q

Which of the following occurs because nuclei that move through the slice may receive only one of the RF pulses applied?

Entry slice phenomenon

Time of flight

Intra-voxel dephasing

MRA

A

Time of flight

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17
Q

T/F: Intra-voxel dephasing occurs as a result of the phase difference between stationary and flowing nuclei in the same voxel causing dephasing and signal loss.

A

True

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18
Q

Identify which of the following are remedies of flow-related artifacts:

TOF

Spatial presaturation pulses

Intra-voxel dephasing

Gradient moment nulling

A

Spatial presaturation pulses

Gradient moment nulling

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19
Q

T/F: Chemical shift artifact occurs when anatomy that lies within the boundaries of the receiver coil exists outside the FOV.

A

False

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20
Q

T/F: Phase mismapping can be reduced by using spatial presaturation pulses between the origin of the artifact and the FOV.

A

True

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21
Q

Which of the following is used to trigger each RF excitation pulse with cardiac gating?

P wave

QRS complex

R wave

T wave

A

R wave

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22
Q

For optimal T1 weighting with ECG/Pe gating, a technologist would use which of the following:

Use 1 R to R interval

Use 2 or 3 R to R intervals

Use the trigger window

Use the PQRS complex X 2

A

Use 1 R to R interval

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23
Q

T/F: The emotional well being of a patient is just as important as their physical condition.

A

True

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24
Q

Which of the following is NOT a type of MRA?

Time of Flight (TOF)

Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI)

Phase Contrast (PC)

Contrast Enhanced MRA (CE-MRA)

A

Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI)

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25
T/F: Gradient echo pulse sequences are preferred over spin echo sequences when attempting to reduce magnetic susceptibility artifact.
False
26
The b value determines the: the type of proton being sampled amount of diffusion weighting on an image the TI extrinsic contrast parameters
amount of diffusion weighting on an image
27
Sagitals through the head are prescribed from: Posterior to Anterior Left to Right Right to Left Superior to Inferior
Left to Right
28
Axial slices through the head/brain are prescribed from: Left to Right Right to Left Superior to Inferior Inferior to Superior
Inferior to Superior
29
T/F: Coverage for axial slices includes the foramen magnum to the superior surface of the brain.
True
30
T/F: There are five ventricles in the brain.
False
31
Which of the following sequences provides temporal resolution of enhancing lesions and indicates brain activity? FLAIR STIR T1 Perfusion
Perfusion
32
Which of the following best describes the appearance of acute stroke on an axial DWI? Bright Dark
Bright
33
Which of the following sequences is known for its sensitivity to magnetic susceptibility? SE Perfusion GRE FLAIR
GRE
34
T/F: When positioning a patient for a head MRI exam, the horizontal alignment light should pass through the nasion.
True
35
Which cranial nerve provides motor control to the muscles of mastication and relays sensory information from the face and the head? 3rd 4th 5th 7th
5th
36
Which lobe of the brain is scanned for seizure protocol? Parietal Occipital Temporal Frontal
Temporal
37
T/F: Careful timing of post contrast pituitary scans is important because eventually the pituitary gland enhances itself, as well as a microadenoma, if present.
True
38
T/F: The main source of artifact in the brain is from flow motion of the popliteal artery.
False
39
Contrast is used to assess which of the following (select all that apply): Active MS plaques Metastases The age of an infarct Tumors such as meningiomas or neuromas
Active MS plaques Metastases The age of an infarct Tumors such as meningiomas or neuromas
40
Which sequence describes this image: Axial STIR Axial FLAIR Coronal STIR Coronal FLAIR
Axial FLAIR
41
Which of the following anatomy is visualized on this image: Lateral Ventrical Parietal Lobe IACs Orbits
IACs
42
Which of the following best describes the pathology visualized on this image: IACs Acoustic Neuroma Swan Ganz Seizures
Acoustic Neuroma
43
Which of the following best describes the pathology visualized in this image: Normal Pituitary- No Pathology Macroadenoma Microadenoma Seizure Activity
Macroadenoma
44
Axial images of the orbits are angled with the: lens optic nerve hard palate temporal lobe
optic nerve
45
Common sources of artifact for an orbital MR exam include all of the following except: eye movement flow motion in the Circle of Willis using a small FOV- aliasing zipper artifact
zipper artifact
46
Which of the following is another word for bulging of one or both eyes? Pseudotumor Proptosis Sarcoid COW
Proptosis
47
Which of the following is a demyelinating disease of the CNS? COW CCF Graves disease Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis
48
T/F: Fat saturation techniques are valuable when imaging the orbits post contrast due to the presence of orbital fat.
True
49
Sagital TMJ images are angled with: orbital nerve perpendicular to the mandibular condyles the temporal bone the temporal lobe
perpendicular to the mandibular condyles
50
T/F: Closed and open mouth views are performed for TMJs.
True
51
Which of the following sequences would be most helpful in diagnosing MS? Sagital STIR Sagital FLAIR Thin slices through the optic chiasm Open and closed views
Sagital FLAIR
52
To image the veins of the head: a pre-saturation pulse is placed inferior to the FOV a pre-saturation pulse is placed superior to the FOV contrast must always be used the COW is visualized
a pre-saturation pulse is placed inferior to the FOV
53
Which cranial nerve has receptors for the sense of smell? CN I CN II CN III CN VI
CN I
54
Which of the following contribute to the structure of the bony orbit? (choose all that apply) Frontal Lacrimal Sphenoid Occipital
Frontal Lacrimal Sphenoid
55
Indications for an MRA of the Head include which of the following? Intracranial vascular assessment of aneurysms and infarcts Suspected internal meniscal derangement Graves disease Proptosis
Intracranial vascular assessment of aneurysms and infarcts
56
Which of the following would best demonstrate hemorrhage? STIR FLAIR GRE FSE
GRE
57
Which of the following protocols would include slices through the temporal lobes? Orbits MS Seizures IACs
Seizures
58
T/F: Careful timing of post contrast pituitary scans is important because eventually the pituitary gland enhances itself, as well as a microadenoma, if present.
True
59
T/F: There are four ventricles in the brain.
True
60
How many bones contribute to the structure of the bony orbit? 3 5 7 9
7
61
The b value determines the: the type of proton being sampled amount of diffusion weighting on an image the TI extrinsic contrast parameters
amount of diffusion weighting on an image
62
Sagitals through the head are prescribed from: Posterior to Anterior Left to Right Right to Left Superior to Inferior
Left to Right
63
Which sequence describes this image: Axial STIR Axial FLAIR Coronal STIR Coronal FLAIR
Axial FLAIR
64
Sagital cervical spine slices are prescribed in which direction? Right to Left Left to Right Posterior to Anterior Anterior to Posterior
Left to Right
65
T/F: A common artifact seen when scanning the cervical spine region is the result of swallowing motion.
True
66
If a patient will not fit in the spine coil with the anterior aspect snapped down, which of the following would be the next best option to obtain the best possible SNR? Use a halo Use a flex coil Use the anterior piece of the head coil Use a c-collar
Use a flex coil
67
T/F: Contrast is routinely used for disc disease in the cervical spine.
False
68
T/F: Contrast is routinely used in the cervical spine for patients with a diagnosis of MS.
True
69
T/F: A Chiari Malformation can be see on a cervical spine image.
True
70
T/F: All halos are MRI safe.
False
71
On T1 weighted images of the spine, the CSF appears: Hyperintense to the spinal cord Hypointense to the spinal cord Isointense to the spinal cord None of the above
Hypointense to the spinal cord
72
For optimal imaging of the cervical spine, patient positioning and local coil placement are: Supine/around the neck to include from C1 to C7 Supine/on top of the neck to include from C1 to C7 Supine/beside the neck to include from C1 to C7 Prone/on top of the neck to include from C1 to C7
Supine/around the neck to include from C1 to C7
73
A patient presenting with neurological symptoms consistent with cervical cord compression, neck pain, and raised inflammatory markers likely has \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. This patient's sagital T1 +C can be seen below. Cervical Spine Metastases Spinal Meningioma Multiple Sclerosis Epidural Abscess
Epidural Abscess
74
The image shown below was acquired in which imaging plane? Axial Sagital Coronal Off-axis (oblique)
Sagital
75
The image shown below is an example of: A T1 weighted image A T2 weighted image A spin (proton) density weighted image A T2\* weighted image All of the above
A T2 weighted image
76
Which vertebra is indicated by the arrow? C3 C4 C5 C6
C4
77
Which best describes the anatomy the arrow is indicating in the image below? CSF Vertebral Body Spinal Cord Cervical disc
Spinal Cord
78
On the image shown below, the vertebral bodies appear bright because: Bone is always bright on MR images Cortical bone cannot be seen on MR images Bone marrow contains fat Bone marrow contains water
Bone marrow contains fat
79
Which vessel is indicated by the blue arrow shown below? Right internal carotid Right external carotid Left vertebral Left common carotid
Left vertebral
80
What is indicated by the blue arrow in the image shown below? Epiglottis Pharynx Anterior Longitudinal Ligament Supraspinous Ligament
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
81
Which of the following best describes the imaging plane shown below? Axial Sagital Coronal Off axis (oblique)
Axial
82
T/F: FOV boundaries for sagital thoracic spine images include from T2 to L1.
False
83
Axial slices through the thoracic spine are angled parallel to: Z joints spinal cord spinous processes disc spaces
disc spaces
84
T/F: Additional thinner axial slices are often prescribed through areas of pathology.
True
85
To minimize aliasing in axial slices of the thoracic spine, one would use: Chemical presaturation Saturation pulses Breath holds Oversampling
Oversampling
86
Flow from CSF in the thoracic spine can be minimized by utilizing: Chemical Presaturation Oversampling Saturation Pulses Breath holds
Saturation Pulses
87
On sagital T-Spine images that demonstrate cord compression, the vertebral level can be determined by (think about how you determine this in clinicals when scanning): Using the sternal notch as a landmark and counting down from T1 Using the xyphoid as a landmark and counting up from T12 Using a large FOV localizer and counting down from C2 Using lead markers to mark T12 and T1 on large FOV images
Using a large FOV localizer and counting down from C2
88
T/F: SNR is dependent on the quality of the coil
True
89
Cancer that begins in the plasma cells in bone marrow is known as: Glioma Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Myeloma Metastatic disease
Multiple Myeloma
90
In spine imaging, to rule out metastatic lesions of the spinal cord, contrast enhancement can be used with T1 weighted images because: Metastatic lesions enhance and normal cord does not Scar enhances and disk does not Normal cord enhances and metastatic lesions do not CSF is bright and cord is dark
Metastatic lesions enhance and normal cord does not
91
T/F: Myeloma is the medical term for a tumor that begins in the brain or spinal cord.
False
92
A patient presents with pain in the neck and shoulder, numbness and tingling in the fingers, and a weak grip. Which of the following is most likely the cause? Whiplash Herniated thoracic disc Thoracic outlet syndrome Schwannoma
Thoracic outlet syndrome
93
T/F: Spinal schwannomas arise from nerves within the spinal canal.
True
94
The following image was most likely acquired with which of the following? A 5 inch surface coil Phased array coils A Helmholtz coil pair The body coil
Phased array coils
95
Which of the following best describes the image below? Multiple Myeloma Metastatic disease Compression fracture Herniated disc
Compression fracture
96
Which vertebra is involved in the pathology shown on the image below? T2 T1 C7 T3
T1
97
Which of the following best describes the weighting used to obtain the image shown below: T1 FLAIR T2 T1 FS
T2
98
Which of the following best describes what is indicated by the arrow on the image below: Gibbs or truncation artifact Chemical shift artifact The supraspinous ligament The cruciate ligament
The supraspinous ligament
99
Which of the following is indicated by the arrow shown on the image below: Saturation band Anterior spinous ligament Signal drop off Metastatic disease
Saturation band
100
Which of the following is the most inferior portion of the spinal cord? Cauda equina Conus medullaris Filum terminale Sacral hiatus
Conus medullaris
101
At which level does the spinal cord typically terminate? L1-L2 L2-L3 L3-L4 L5-S1
L1-L2
102
Which of the following anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx? Conus medularis Filum terminale Cauda equina Sacral hiatus
Filum terminale
103
T/F: Patients may be positioned feet first supine for an MRI of the lumbar spine.
True
104
T/F: Scar tissue enhances immediately after the injection, but disc material does not.
True
105
Which anatomy is indicated by number one on the diagram shown below? Spinous process Intervertebral disc Ligament flavum Transverse processes
Spinous process
106
Which anatomy is indicated by number two on the diagram shown below? Spinous process Body Superior articular process Transverse processes
Transverse processes
107
Which anatomy is indicated by number one on the diagram shown below? Spinous process Lamina Pedicle Ligament flavum
Lamina
108
Which anatomy is indicated by number two on the diagram shown below? Body Spine Superior articular process Lamina
Superior articular process
109
Which anatomy is indicated by number three on the diagram shown below? Body Spinous process Lamina Pedicle
Pedicle
110
Which anatomy is indicated by number one on the diagram shown below? Ligament flavum Interspinous ligament Anterior longitudinal ligament Posterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
111
Which anatomy is indicated by number two on the diagram shown below? Superior articular process Posterior longitudinal ligament Anterior longitudinal ligament Intervertebral disc
Anterior longitudinal ligament
112
Match the following numbers with the correct anatomy, as indicated on the image shown below: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Aorta Intervertebral disc Vertebral body Sacrum
113
Which of the following describes the below image: Coronal slice prescription for lumbar spine imaging Sagital slice prescription boundaries Saturation band placed anterior to the spine on a sagital image Dynamic lumbar imaging
Saturation band placed anterior to the spine on a sagital image
114
On the image shown below, the lines indicate: The FOV The location of the saturation pulse The location of the axial oblique slices An interleaved acquisition
The location of the axial oblique slices
115
Positioning for a female pelvis MR exam would include centering the horizontal alignment light to pass: through the symphysis pubis through the iliac crest through a point midway between the symphysis pubis and the iliac crest through the level of the umbilicus
through a point midway between the symphysis pubis and the iliac crest
116
When scanning a routine female pelvis exam, axials would be angled in which manner? Parallel to the uterus Perpendicular to the cervix Parallel to the cervix Perpendicular to the uterus
Perpendicular to the uterus
117
T/F: If a patient has had a hysterectomy, axials and coronals would be straight and not angled with any anatomy.
True
118
Which of the following is a malignant bone tumor that affects children and young adults? the tumor may start anywhere in the body, usually in the long bones of the arms and legs, the pelvis, or the chest. Chordoma Transitional Cell Carcinoma Teratoma Ewing Sarcoma
Ewing Sarcoma
119
T/F: Teratomas are present at birth and may contain hair, teeth, and other tissues.
True
120
T/F: Leiomyomas are benign tumors that arise from overgrowth of smooth muscle and connective tissue in the bladder.
False
121
Which anatomy is identified by #2 in the image shown below? Colon Rectum Prostate Symphysis pubis
Symphysis pubis
122
Which anatomy is indicated by #4 in the image shown below? Uterus Colon Prostate Bladder
Prostate
123
Which imaging plane was the following image obtained in: Axial Coronal Sagital Off center
Axial
124
Which anatomy is indicated by #3 in the image shown below? Uterus Bladder Prostate Rectum
Bladder
125
Which type of sequence is most likely used to obtain the image shown below? T1 Fluid in the bladder is dark, fat in the tissue bright T1 FS T2 STIR
T1
126
The image shown below is best described by which of the following? Sagital T1 Female Pelvis Sagital T2 Female Pelvis Sagital T1 Male Pelvis Sagital T2 Male Pelvis
Sagital T2 Female Pelvis
127
Which anatomy is indicated by #1 in the image shown below? Bladder Prostate Uterus Symphysis pubis
Uterus
128
Which of the following best describes the pathology visualized on the image shown below: Ewing Sarcoma Sacral agenesis Sacral chordoma Teratoma
Teratoma
129
Which pathology is demonstrated on the image shown below? Uterine cancer Prostate cancer Bladder cancer Inflammation of the cervix
Bladder cancer
130
Which anatomy is indicated by #1 on the image shown below? Ischium Illium Pubic crest Ischial spine
Illium
131
Which anatomy is indicated by #2 on the image shown below? Ilium Ischium Iliac crest Ischial spine
Iliac crest
132
Which of the following best describes the pathology demonstrated in the image shown below? Sacral agenesis Ewing sarcoma Sacral chordoma Teratoma
Sacral agenesis
133
Positioning for shoulder imaging, supine with arm down by side, relax the shoulder, and thumb up for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Slight internal rotation Slight external rotation Flexion Extension Neutral Position
Neutral Position
134
The image shown below was obtained by utilizing which of the following scan planes? Axial imaging plane Sagital imaging plane Coronal imaging plane Off-axis (oblique) imaging plane
Coronal imaging plane
135
The image shown below is an example of: A T1 weighted image A T2 weighted image A proton density weighted image A STIR weighted image
A T1 weighted image
136
Which anatomy is indicated by number five on the image shown below: Radial head Olecranon fossa Medial epicondyle Olecranon
Olecranon fossa
137
Which anatomy is indicated by number two on the image shown below: Olecranon Ulna Radial head Lateral epicondyle
Radial head
138
The imaging sequences best used to visualize bruises or contusions within the bone are: Spin echo Gradient echo Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) Fast spin echo
Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR)
139
Adhesive capsulitis is also known as: Tennis elbow Carpal tunnel Frozen shoulder Trough lesion
Frozen shoulder
140
Which of the following describes a typical injury pattern observed after a posterior glenohumeral dislocation? Adhesive capulitis Hill-Sachs lesion Trough lesion Paralabral joint cyst
Trough lesion
141
Which diagnosis is considered most likely in a patient who presents with pain, swelling, and reddening over the olecranon. The MR images show bone marrow and soft tissue edema. Rheumatoid arthritis Osteomyelitis Triceps tendon tear SLAP tear
Osteomyelitis
142
T/F: A SLAP tear occurs where the biceps tendon anchors to the labrum.
True
143
Which of the following best describes the anatomy indicated by number twelve on the image shown below: Scapula Teres major muscle Spine of the scapula Acromion
Scapula
144
Which of the following best describes the anatomy indicated by number six on the image shown below: Humeral head Lateral epicondyle Acromion Greater tuberosity
Greater tuberosity
145
Coronal oblique images of the shoulder are angled parallel with which anatomy? Glenoid cavity Supraspinatus muscle Bicipital groove AC joint
Supraspinatus muscle
146
T/F: When positioning the patient for an MR examination of the shoulder, the humerus should be perpendicular to the scan table.
False
147
T/F: MR arthrography requires the injection of barium directly into the joint of interest, prior to the MR examination.
False
148
Which anatomy is indicated by number one on the image shown below: Neck of radius Radial tuberosity Medial epicondyle Coronoid process
Radial tuberosity
149
The coil usually preferred to image the shoulder for the maximization of SNR is the: Body coil Phased array coil Surface or local coil Small extremity coil
Surface or local coil
150
Which anatomy is indicated by number four on the image shown below: Medial epicondyle Capitellum Coronoid process Trochlea
Trochlea
151
T/F: Wrist imaging requires a small dedicated surface coil.
True
152
Which of the following is commonly known as washerwoman's sprain? Rheumatoid Arthritis Carpal Tunnel Syndrome De Quervain Tenosynovitis Hamartoma
De Quervain Tenosynovitis
153
T/F: MRI can assist in detecting the presence of osteomyelitis.
True
154
A hamartoma is best described as: a ganglion that often appears as a bump on the hand or wrist. a bone cyst. a benign tumor composed of mature hyaline cartilage. a benign tumor-like malformation made up of an abnormal mixture of cells and tissues found in the body.
a benign tumor-like malformation made up of an abnormal mixture of cells and tissues found in the body.
155
Which of the following is demonstrated in the image shown below? Carpal tunnel syndrome Bone cyst Dorsal wrist ganglion Hamartoma
Dorsal wrist ganglion
156
Which of the following best describes the image shown below? Axial T1 Axial T2 Axial T2 FS Coronal T2 FS
Axial T2 FS
157
Which anatomy is indicated by number one on the image shown below? Capitate Metacarpals Phalanges Radius
Phalanges
158
Which anatomy is indicated by number four on the image shown below? Capitate Metacarpals Scaphoid Trapezoid
Scaphoid
159
Which anatomy is indicated by number six on the image shown below? Phalanges Ulna Radius Hamate Pisiform
Radius
160
Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs as a result of compression of which nerve? Ulnar Transverse carpal Median Radial
Median
161
Which of the following is not in the distal row of carpal bones? Trapezium Capitate Hamate Lunate
Lunate
162
A patient who presents with numbness of the first three digits and nighttime pain from the wrist to the forearm most likely has: Hamartoma Carpal tunnel syndrome Sarchoidosis De Quervain Tenosynovitis
Carpal tunnel syndrome
163
When imaging the wrist, the optimal plane in which to visualize the carpal tunnel is the: Sagital Axial Coronal Oblique
Axial
164
T/F: For an MRI of the hand or wrist, a patient may be positioned prone or supine, depending on the coil options available.
True
165
T/F: Contrast is routinely used in MRI of the hand.
False
166
T/F: Patient motion is a concern in hand imaging. The patient should be immobilized as much as possible.
True
167
Which of the following best describes the image weighting used in the image shown below? T1 T2 T1 FS T2 FS
T1
168
The image shown below was acquired in which imaging plane? Axial Coronal Sagital Oblique
Sagital
169
T/F: A popliteal artery aneurysm is the most 2nd most common type of aneurysm in the body.
True
170
Axial slices for an MR hip protocol are prescribed: Inferior to superior Posterior to anterior Superior to inferior Anterior to posterior
Superior to inferior
171
Which of the following best describes the anatomy indicated by number one on the image shown below? Acetabulum Iliac crest Pubis Coccyx
Iliac crest
172
To minimize magnetic susceptibility artifact from a hip prosthesis, a technologist should: Use GRE sequences Use SE or FSE sequences with a broad receive bandwidth Use as small a FOV as possible Increase the SNR
Use SE or FSE sequences with a broad receive bandwidth
173
The hip is one of the most frequent sites for which of the following: ACL tears Ganglion cysts Baker cysts Avascular necrosis
Avascular necrosis
174
The optimal plane to use when evaluating patients for cruciate ligament tears of the knee is the: Sagital Axial Coronal Axial and coronal
Sagital
175
T/F: A bursa is a fat filled sac that allows smooth motion between two uneven surfaces.
False
176
What pathology is demonstrated in the images shown below? Hip bursitis Avascular necrosis Synovial sarcoma Baker cyst
Avascular necrosis
177
What type of weighting is demonstrated in the image shown below? T1 T2 STIR T2 FS
T2
178
Which of the following best describes the ACL? Extends from the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle to the anterior tibial spine Extends from the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle to the anterior tibial spine Extends from the medial aspect of the medial femoral condyle to the anterior tibial spine Extends from the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle to the posterior tibial spine
Extends from the medial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle to the anterior tibial spine
179
Which of the following is the most common mass in the popliteal fossa? Popliteal aneurysm Synovial sarcoma Baker cyst Ganglion cyst
Baker cyst
180
T/F: It is crucial that technologists obtain pertinent patient history and document the information for the interpreting radiologist.
True
181
Which of the following is indicated by number five on the image shown below? Medial collateral ligament Medial meniscus ACL Medial tibial condyle
Medial meniscus
182
Which of the following is indicated by number six on the image shown below? Lateral collateral ligament Tibial spine ACL PCL
PCL
183
To better evaluate the ACL, positioning for knee imaging may require: 15 degree external rotation 15 degree internal rotation Flexion Extension
15 degree external rotation
184
Which of the following best describes the anatomy indicated by number two on the image shown below? Acetabulum Iliac crest Lesser trochanter Obturator foramen
Acetabulum
185
T/F: False aneurysms are usually the result of knee trauma, surgery/intervention or infection.
True
186
T/F: MR knee arthrography can be useful to identify recurrent tears in the knee following meniscectomy.
True
187
Which of the following is indicated by number one on the image shown below? Medial cuneiform Navicular Hallux Cuboid
Medial cuneiform
188
T/F: When performing a MSK study, it is often helpful to place a marker over the ROI.
True
189
Which of the following is thought to be due to chronic entrapment of the nerve by the intermetatarsal ligament? PVNS Morton's Neuroma Synovial sarcoma Calcaneal fatigue fracture
Morton's Neuroma
190
Which of the following best describes the image shown below? Sagital T1 Forefoot Sagital T1 Hindfoot Sagital T2 Hindfoot Sagital T2 Forefoot
Sagital T1 Hindfoot
191
Which of the following best describes the pathology shown in the image below? Synovial sarcoma PVNS Morton's neuroma Stress fracture
Stress fracture
192
Which of the following is indicated by number two on the image shown below? Medial cuneiform Navicular Cuboid Talus
Navicular
193
T/F: MRI is the most sensitive detection method for calcaneal stress fracture.
True
194
Which of the following is indicated by number six on the image shown below? Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Hindfoot
Metatarsals
195
Which of the following is indicated by number one on the image shown below? Medial cuneiform Sesamoid Hallux Talus
Hallux
196
Which of the following best describes the image shown below? Axial forefoot Short axis forefoot Long axis forefoot Coronal hindfoot
Short axis forefoot
197
Which of the following best describes the anatomy indicated by number one on the image shown below? Posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament Calcaneofibular ligament Achilles Tendon Posterior talofibular ligament
Achilles Tendon
198
Which of the following best describes the anatomy indicated by number three on the image shown below? Tibia Fibula Calcaneus Talus
Talus
199
T/f: Positioning the feet close together and at the same level is the best method to reduce wrap for ankle imaging.
False
200
Which of the following is demonstrated on the image shown below? Tendonitis Mass protocol Sarcoma Achilles tendon rupture
Achilles tendon rupture
201
Which of the following best describes the image shown below? T1 Sagital T2 Sagital T2 FS Sagital FLAIR Sagital
T2 FS Sagital
202
The image shown below most likely demonstrates: Stress fracture Sarcoma Ankle arthrography Achilles rupture
Ankle arthrography
203
T/F: Ideal ankle positioning includes dorisflexion of the foot.
True
204
T/F: Toe movement will not affect MR foot image quality.
False
205
Which of the following best describes the anatomy indicated by number one on the image shown below: Spleen Liver Stomach Gallbladder
Liver
206
Which of the following best describes the anatomy indicated by number two on the image shown below: Gallbladder Aorta Inferior vena cava Hepatic artery
Inferior vena cava
207
Which of the following best describes the anatomy indicated by number three on the image shown below: Spleen Left kidney Liver Diaphragm
Diaphragm
208
Which of the following best describes the anatomy indicated by number four on the image shown below: Spleen Liver Pancreas Stomach
Stomach
209
Positioning for an abdominal MRI would include centering the horizontal alignment light on the patient's: Belly button Xyphoid process Lower costal margin- L3 Iliac crest
Lower costal margin- L3
210
T/f: Careful explanation of free breathing and breath holds is crucial to a good abdominal study.
True
211
Prior to an MRCP examination, patients should be NPO for __ hours. one two three four
four
212
Patients fast prior to an MRCP to do all but which of the following? Decrease fluid secretions in the stomach and duodenum Decrease bowl peristalsis Promote gallbladder distension Increase the incidence of gallstones
Increase the incidence of gallstones
213
Which of the following best describes ascites? A disease in which the liver becomes permanently damaged A type of kidney failure The accumulation of excess fluid in the abdominal cavity An infection of the spleen
The accumulation of excess fluid in the abdominal cavity
214
Enlargement of the left lobe of the liver is most likely a sign of which of the following diseases processes? Ascites Hepatic mets Cirrhosis Renal failure
Cirrhosis
215
The image shown below is from which of the following exams? Small bowel MRCP Dynamic MRA Renal artery
MRCP
216
Which of the following is indicated by the white arrow on the image shown below? Renal artery stenosis Stone Signal drop off Pt was NPO too long-- air in the bowel
Stone
217
Which of the following best describes the anatomy indicated by number one on the image shown below: Left kidney Right kidney Liver Adrenal gland
Right kidney
218
Which of the following best describes the anatomy indicated by number two on the image shown below: Spleen Liver Bowel Psoas muscle
Psoas muscle
219
Which organ lies transversely and a bit obliquely and across the lumbar spine in the abdominal cavity? Liver Spleen Adrenals Pancreas
Pancreas
220
The image shown below most likely represents which of the following: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) Renal stenosis Gallstones Small bowel obstruction
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
221
Which of the following best describes the anatomy indicated by number two on the image shown below: Left renal artery Gonadal artery Superior mesenteric artery Inferior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric artery
222
Which of the following best describes the anatomy indicated by number four on the image shown below: Inferior mesenteric artery Left internal iliac artery Left external iliac artery Gonadal artery
Left internal iliac artery
223
Which anatomy is indicated by number one on the image shown below: Ducts Lobules Lymph nodes Adipose Tissue
Lymph nodes
224
Which anatomy is indicated by number four on the image shown below: Ducts Lobules Lymph nodes Adipose Tissue
Ducts
225
Which of the following marks the upper boundary of breast tissue? Sternum Third rib Clavicle Chest muscles
Clavicle
226
The American Cancer Society recommends screening breast MRI in addition to annual mammograms in which of the following? Patients with less than a 15% lifetime risk of breast cancer. To evaluate implant integrity. In all women over the age of 40. In patients with greater than 20% lifetime risk of breast cancer.
In patients with greater than 20% lifetime risk of breast cancer.
227
In dynamic breast imaging, lesions that ___________ are suspicious for malignancy. wash in and out quickly wash in and out slowly display plateau enhancement show no enhancement
wash in and out quickly
228
T/F: The optimal imaging window for evaluation of breast cancer is immediately following the start of the menstrual cycle.
False
229
The linguine sign is: indicative of thoracic aortic aneurysm indicative of intracapsular implant rupture a slice imaging plane for cardiac MRI indicative of breast cancer
indicative of intracapsular implant rupture
230
To minimize pulsatile flow motion artifacts, cardiac images are acquired by: Taking the patient's pulse, calculating the heart rate in beats per minute, then entering this data into the imaging system Attaching ECG leads, monitoring the cardiac cycle and triggering the pulse sequence from each R wave Performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation None of the above
Attaching ECG leads, monitoring the cardiac cycle and triggering the pulse sequence from each R wave
231
Which of the following separates the right atrium and right ventricle? Mitral valve Tricuspid valve Semilunar valve Septum
Tricuspid valve
232
Which of the following best describes the image shown below: Short axis view Long axis view Three chamber view Four chamber view
Long axis view
233
The "candy cane" view is best described by which of the following: Long axis view of the heart Sagital/oblique view of the thoracic aorta Axial view of the thoracic aorta Sagital/oblique view of the pulmonary arteries
Sagital/oblique view of the thoracic aorta
234
Which of the following best describes the image shown below: Cardiac enhancement Ascending aortic aneurysm Long axis view of the heart Pulmonary mets
Ascending aortic aneurysm
235
Which of the following is indicated by number two on the image shown below: Ascending aorta Aortic arch Thoracic aorta Brachiocephalic artery
Aortic arch
236
T/F: The most common site of aneurysms in the thoracic aorta is the ascending aorta.
True
237
# Choose all of the following that describe the image shown below: Rapid wash in and wash out enhancement Gradual enhancement over time Suspicious for malignancy Likely benign
Gradual enhancement over time Likely benign
238
Which of the following best describes the image shown below: Breast MR image Black blood imaging Bright blood imaging Pulmonary stenosis
Black blood imaging
239
No signal arises from the lungs because: There are no protons in air There is no air in the lung during image acquisition There are not enough mobile protons in the air Air and moving blood have the same number of protons and, therefore, both appear black
There are not enough mobile protons in the air
240
T/F: Thoracic aortic aneurysms may cause no symptoms at all.
True
241
Which of the following best describes number one on the image shown below: External Iliac Artery Femoral Artery Aorta Internal Iliac Artery
Femoral Artery
242
A/an _________ can break loose and cause a pulmonary embolism. Atherosclerosis Lymph node Arterial stenosis DVT
DVT
243
T/F: MRA and MRV can be performed either with contrast or without contrast, using different imaging techniques.
True
244
Which of the following best describes number eleven on the image shown below: Femoral Vein Internal Iliac Vein Great Saphenous Vein Anterior Tibial Vein
Great Saphenous Vein
245
Which of the following is considered the most common cause of PAD? Shiny skin on legs No pulse or weak pulse in the legs or feet Atherosclerosis Leg numbness or weakness
Atherosclerosis
246
T/F: Patients are positioned supine head first for run-off exams.
False
247
T/F: MRA is generally considered "non-invasive."
True
248
Most deep vein blood clots occur in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Foot IVC Lungs Lower leg or thigh
Lower leg or thigh
249
T/F: Motion artifact can be problematic in 2D TOF imaging.
True
250
Indications for MRV of the lower extremities includes all but which of the following? Leg swelling Evaluation for free-floating thrombus Recent orthopedic surgery Recent twisted ankle
Recent twisted ankle
251
On the image shown below, the arrow is most likely indicating which of the following: Great saphenous vein Popliteal artery Posterior tibial artery Femoral artery
Posterior tibial artery
252
When using MRA to evaluate peripheral vascular flow, such as that within the arteries of the legs, saturation pulses are placed: Placed superior to the acquired slices Placed in the acquired slices Placed inferior to the acquired slices Not necessary
Placed inferior to the acquired slices
253
At standard doses, gadolinium has the most apparent effect on the ___ relaxation time and therefore is used as an enhancement agent on \_\_\_. T1/T1 weighted images T2/T2 weighted images T1/T2 weighted images T2/T1 weighted images
T1/T1 weighted images
254
T/F: When positioning a patient's legs for a lower extremity vascular study, the legs should be placed as far apart as possible.
False
255
The arrow on the non-enhanced gradient-recalled echo axial image below is most likely indicative of: Tumor Absence of venous flow in the left femoral vein, with flow shown on the right Normal flowing blood, with a clot visualize on the right Atherosclerosis
Absence of venous flow in the left femoral vein, with flow shown on the right
256