Exams Flashcards
How do you calculate work?
Force x Distance
What is work measured in?
Joules.
Force is measured in what?
Newtons.
What is power?
The rate which energy is transferred.
How do you calculate power?
Power=work/time
What is power measured in?
Watts.
What is a machine?
A device that makes work easier.
What is mechanical advantage?
The number of times the machines multiply force.
How do you calculate mechanical advantage?
Output/input.
What is mechanical efficiency?
Comparing work output to work input.
How do you calculate mechanical efficiency?
(Work output/work imput) x 100.
What is a simple machine?
Only one machine.
What is a compound machine?
2 or more simple machines.
Name 5 simple machines.
Lever Pulley Wheel and axle Wedge/inclined plane. Screw
Name five compound machines.
Scissors Can opener Wheel barrow Pencil sharpener Crane Escalator Elevator.
Name the stages of the water cycle.
Evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.
What are the 4 stages of a river?
Old river, youthful river, rejuvenated river, and mature river.
What is a youthful river?
A thin stream with fast currents and steep sides. And has a “v” shaped bottom with no flood plane.
What is a mature river?
A mature river has a small flood plane, a “U” like shape to the bottom, moves at a medium speed, and is not very curvy in its path.
What is an old age river?
A old age river flows slowly, has many twists and turns, opens to a delta, has a broad “U” shape, and a wide flood plane.
What is a rejuvenated river?
A river whose depth increases very suddenly and drops off.
What is thermal energy’s impact on ocean currents?
When water is heated, it is attracted to cooler places, such as the poles. When the water cools, it goes to the equator, spreading heat to cool places and cooling down warm places.
What are the planets in order.
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto
How does the moon impact the tides?
The gravitational pull from the moon makes the water rise and fall depending how far away the moon is.
Why does the moon shine?
The sun reflects light onto the moon.
Does the moon have night and day?
Yes.
How long does it take for the moon to orbit earth once?
27.3 days.
How many days does it take for the moon to turn once?
27.3 days.
True or false, the moon moves east to west.
True
Why does the moon move?
It is caused by the rotation of the earth.
Does the moon waxing follow a new moon or a full moon?
New moon.
True or false, it is a full moon when the entire surface of the moon is not lit.
False.
What is waning?
When the portion of the moon we see gets smaller.
What is a new moon?
When the whole surface of the moon is dark.
What are craters?
Large pits created by asteroids.
What is a Maria?
Large, dark, lava filled pits.
What are highlands on the moon?
The areas around a Maria.
How do people think the moon got here?
The capture hypothesis,
The binary accretion
The fission theory
The giant impact theory.
What is the atmosphere?
Layers of gas that keeps the earth’s oxygen in.
What are the four layers of the atmosphere in order?
Troposphere.
Stratosphere-ozone layer.
Mesosphere.
Ionosphere
What is the atmosphere made of?
- 99% water vapour
- 91% Argon.
- 54% oxygen
- 55% nitrogen.
Why isn’t the atmosphere mostly oxygen?
Oxygen is highly flammable when pure. So without nitrogen, everything would be burning.
What is Temperature inversion?
The point when temperature starts only increasing in the stratosphere and includes the ozone layer.
What is work?
When force causes an object to move in the direction the force pushes it.
What is the geosphere?
Everything that is made of soil rocks or anything hard on earth
What is another name for the geosphere?
The Lithosphere.
What are the three parts to the rock cycle?
Metamorphic, sedimentary, and igneous rock.
What is an igneous rock
When magma cools and hardens.
What is a sedimentary rock?
Rocks formed from things settling to form layers.
What makes a metamorphic rock?
It is formed inside the earth by heat and pressure.
What is geological time?
Time on earth, when things happened and formed.
Who cares about the geosphere?
Geologists, paleontologists, and archaeologist.
What is the cryosphere?
All the frozen water on earth.
What are the 5 types of frozen water in the cryosphere?
Glaciers, see ice/iceberg, permafrost, ice sheets, and snow cover.
What problems are facing the cryosphere?
Warming temperatures and melting sea ice
Who cares about the cryosphere?
Glaciologists, biologist, and climatologists
What is energy?
Energy is the ability to do work.
True or false, energy converts from one thing to another.
True
What is the law of conservation of energy?
It’s the law that states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed.