Exams Flashcards
Whats a permeable rock
A permeable rock is a rock that kets water pass through
What is a sentimentry rock
Its a rock that is formed when its underwater and tons of pressure goes on it
How is a sedimentary rock formed
Formed when there’s a rock under our squeeze together for a long period of time
How are metamorphic rocks formed? 
Heat and pressure over long period of time
How is an igneous, rock formed 
When molten hot rocks, cool down and Harden
What is an example of a sedimentary rock
Sandstone
What is an example of an igneous rock
Granite
1 example of a metamorphic rock
Marble and granite 
What do you use to measure an earthquake
Seismograph
Explain freeze thaw action
- Throughout the day water from rain and streams fills up the cracks with water
2.at night the temperature drops and causes water to freeze
3 as water turns to ice, it expands by 9 percent of its volume. This expanding windens the original crack in the rock creating a bigger crack.
4 once tempatures rise again, ice melts to water and the widend crack collects more water. - This process repeats itself and over time the crack becomes so wide that the rock breaks away and falls downhill due to gravity. This weathered rock collects at the base of a hill and is called scree.
Explain carbonation and how it forms surface features.
- Carbon dioxide (CO,) gas is naturally present in the atmosphere. Factories, cars and homes also release carbon dioxide into the air.
- This carbon dioxide gathers and is transported in clouds.
- When rain falls from clouds it absorbs more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This additional carbon dioxide turns the rainwater into a weak carbonic acid.
- The acidic rainwater falls on the limestone landscape of the Burren and enters rivers and streams.
The weak carbonic acid reacts with the calcium carbonate in limestone and forms calcium bicarbonate, which dissolves limestone rock over time. This dissolved rock is washed away by flowing water. - Limestone is a permeable rock, which means that it allows water to pass through it. Acidic water makes its way down through the rock and continues to dissolve the limestone that is underground.
How is a waterfall formed
A waterfall is a drop in a river’s course that forms in the upper course of a river. This is how it forms:
1. Water flows downhill over hard and soft rock.
2. The soft rock is eroded vertically over time by processes such as hydraulic action. The harder rock resists erosion. A drop forms at this location along the river’s course.
3. The force of the falling water continues to erode the soft rock downwards and undercuts the hard rock. This causes a plunge pool to form.
4. Continued undercutting of the hard rock at the base of a waterfall causes the soft rock to be eroded back and this causes an overhang of rock to form directly above the plunge pool. Continued erosion and the weight of the water causes this overhang of hard rock to break off and fall into the plunge pool. The river repeats this process of erosion as the waterfall retreats (moves back) upstream.
Torc waterfall in Killarney, Co. Kerry is an example of a famous Irish waterfall and is a major tourist attraction in the area.
Whats a V shaped valley and what stage is it formed in
A steep valley that forms in the youthfull stage river
Whats interlocking spurs
Upland areas of hard rock on either side of a river
What is a meander
A meander i s a pronouced bend in the river created by erosion and deposition
