Examples of Constructions

Question 1

ablative of means (instrument)

Answer 1

Nautae gladiis pugnant = the sailors fight with (by means of) swords

Question 2

ablative of manner

Answer 2

Verba (cum) venia audivisti = you heard my words with indulgence (indulgently)

Question 3

indirect command

Answer 3

oro ut natueam superes (pres.subj) = i beg that you overcome the sailor

Question 4

ablative of personal agent

Answer 4

puella a regina terretur = the girl is frightened by the queen

(can be confused with ablative of means but that has no preposition)

Question 5

dative of possessor

Answer 5

corona est reginae = a crown is the queen’s (to the queen)

Question 6

complementary infinitive

Answer 6

amicum videre opto = I desire TO SEE my friend

Question 7

ablative of seperation

Answer 7

Homines incolas insulae servitute liberaverunt = the men freed the inhabitants of the island from slavery

(can use preps a/ab, e/ex or de but usually without)

Question 8

ablative of origin

Answer 8

Aeneas (e) dea natus est = Aeneas is the son from a goddess

Question 9

normal ablative of place from which

Answer 9

Ab Italia venit = he came from italy

can be e/ex or de

Question 10

ablative of place from which with towns, cities, small islands, domus and rus

Answer 10

Roma venit = he came from Rome

Domus venit = he came home

Question 11

ablative of accompaniment

Answer 11

ad urbem cum amico venit = he comes to the city with his friend

Question 12

ablative of time when

Answer 12

illo tempore miser erat = at that time he was miserable

Question 13

ablative of time within which

Answer 13

quinque annis hoc opus perficiet = within 5 years he will complete this task

Question 14

ablative of respect

Answer 14

haec femina specie pulchra est = this woman is beautiful in (with respect to) appearance

Question 15

double dative construction (dative of purpose + reference)

Answer 15

filii matri fructui sunt = the sons are (for the purpose of) an asset (with respect) to their mother

Question 16

ablative of comparison

Answer 16

pater euis est altior hospite = his father is taller than the guest
(aternative = quam + same case as before quam)

Question 17

ablative of degree of difference

Answer 17

nunc multo felicior est = now he is (by) much happier

Question 18

partitive genitive

Answer 18

fortissimus omnium militum = the bravest of all soldiers

Question 19

partitive ablative

Answer 19

quinque ex militibus domum venerunt = five out of the soldiers came home

Question 20

ablative of cause

Answer 20

clamare gaudio coepit = she began to shout because of joy

Question 21

ablative of description

Answer 21

vir magna sapientia = a man of great wisdom

Question 22

genitive of description

Answer 22

vir magnae sapientiae = a man of great wisdom

Question 23

objective genitive

Answer 23

amor patria = love of the native land

Question 24

subjective genitive

Answer 24

feminae amor patria = the woman’s love of her native land

Question 25

genitive of characteristic

Answer 25

hominis sapientis est libros legere = it is (the mark) of a wise man to read books

Question 26

infinitive as subject

Answer 26

videre est credere = to see is to believe

Question 27

jussive subjunctive

Answer 27

ne veniat! = let him not come! (command) | generally third person

Question 28

hortatory subjunctive

Answer 28

veniamus! = let's come! (exhortation) | generally first person

Question 29

potential subjunctive

Answer 29

non haec credas = you could not believe these things | present [or perfect], imperfect

Question 30

deliberative subjunctive

Answer 30

non quid faciam? = what am I not to do? quid facerem? = what was I to do? (present or imperfect)

Question 31

optative subjunctive

Answer 31

utinam veniat! = if only he would come! utinam ne veniret! = if only he were not coming! (present, imperfect, pluperfect)

Question 32

dative with intransitive verbs

Answer 32

``` credo - believe faveo - favour ignosco - forgive impero - order noceo - harm parco - spare pareo - obey placeo - please persuadeo - persuade studeo - be zealous / study ``` dative governs verb object

Question 33

dative with compound verbs

Answer 33

``` usually intransitive (require another word to complete what they mean ie: to be the head of....something) these are referential datives ```

Question 34

introducing a result clause

Answer 34

``` ut / ut non + tantus - so great talis - such tot - so many ita - so tam - so sic - in this way adeo - so ```

Question 35

relative clause of characteristic

Answer 35

is est qui celeriter ambulet = he is the kind of man eho walks fast (qui, quae, quod + subj)

Question 36

temporal cum clause

Answer 36

cum te felix ero = (at that time) when I see you, I shall be happy

Question 37

circumstantial cum clause

Answer 37

cum te viderem, felix eram = (under the circumstances) when I saw you, I was happy cum clause subjunctive in past

Question 38

causal cum clause

Answer 38

cum te videam, felix sum = (because) since I see you, I am happy always subjunctive

Question 39

concessive cum clause

Answer 39

cum te videam, felix (tamen) sum = although I see you (nevertheless) I am happy tamen helpful marker but not always there always in subjunctive

Question 40

clause of proviso

Answer 40

oderint, dum (modo,dummodo) timeant = let them hate, provided that they fear dum, modo, dummodo = if only, provided

Question 41

accusative of exclamation

Answer 41

puerem miserum! = miserbale boy!

Question 42

gerund

Answer 42

ducem deligere est difficile = choosing a leader is a difficult thing

Question 43

gerundive

Answer 43

libris legendis legere discimus = by means of books-to-be-read (reading books) we learn to read utilised as future passive

Question 44

accusative gerund of purpose

Answer 44

ad legendum libros venit = he comes for the purpose of reading

Question 45

accusative gerundive of purpose

Answer 45

ad libros legendos venit = he comes (books to-be-read) for the purpose of reading

Question 46

genitive gerund with causa

Answer 46

legendi causa venit = he comes for the sake of reading | gerundive used when governing an object

Question 47

positive clause of fearing

Answer 47

timeo ne veniat = i fear that he is coming take subjunctive

Question 48

negative clause of fearing

Answer 48

timeo ut veniat = i fear that he is not coming takes subjunctive

Question 49

accusative supine of purpose

Answer 49

it urbem captum = he goes to capture the city

Question 50

ablative supine of respect

Answer 50

hic liber facilis est lectu = this book is easy (with respect to reading) to read

Question 51

genitive with expression of remembering and forgetting

Answer 51

matris et patris bene memini = i remember my mother and father well

Question 52

genitive of indefinite value

Answer 52

parvi suam civitatem facit = he makes his state of little value

Question 53

ablative of price

Answer 53

villam suam magno vendidit = he sold his country house at a great price