Examples and common side effects Flashcards
抑制胃酸藥
Examples and common side effects
Famotidine (H2 blocker)
Esomeprazole:Nexium (PPI)
Lansoprazole (PPI)
Lantoprazole (PPI)
Pantoprazole sodium (Pantoloc PPI)
isomnia, constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, headache 失眠、便秘、腹瀉、嘔吐、頭痛
PPI blocks gastric acid production
通便藥
Examples and common side effects
Bisacodyl (dulcolax, irritates intestinal mucosa, increase motility)
Lactulose (pull water into colon to soften stool)
Senna (stimulant, stimulate sensory nerve)
腹痛、腹瀉、大量服用會引致腸阻塞
抗血小板藥
Examples and common side effects
Aspirin,
Clopidogrel
胃痛、出血
利尿藥diuretics
Furosemide,
Indapamide,
Spironolactone
尿頻、暈眩
抗心衰竭和心律不齊藥
Digoxin
心跳減慢、心律不齊
Increase ventricular contractility, lower heart rate
Belong to digitalis (aware of digitalis toxicity)
Such as nausea vomiting yellow tinted vision disorientation
Monitor for hypokalemia (digoxin increase K secretion)
抗高血壓藥
Amlodipine (calcium chanel blocker), Nifedipine (calcium chanel blocker) ,
Atenolol (Beta Blocker) Metoprolol (Beta Blocker)
Enalapril (ACEI), Lisinopril (ACEI), Perindopril (ACEI),
Hydralazine (Vasodialtors),
Losartan (ARB) Valsartan(ARB)
眼睛、口腔及咽喉乾涸、咳嗽、頭痛、嗜睡、體位性低血壓、疲倦、手腳冰冷、發惡夢、面部潮紅、足踝水腫、心跳加速
ACEI=Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
side effect of ACEI (ACEI:dry cough)
ARB=angiotensin receptor blocker
**ARB used when pt cannot tolerate
Beta-blocker side effect: bronchospasm (block beta-adrenoreceptors ->sympathetic tone decrease)
止咳藥
Phensedyl
嗜睡、嘔吐、頭暈、便秘、口乾、視
力模糊
抗敏感藥
Chlorpheniramine (piriton)
嗜睡、暈眩、口乾
治療痛風藥gout
colchicine
腹痛、腹瀉、嘔吐
泌尿道止痛藥 尿道炎
Phenazopyridine
橙色小便、腸胃不適
降尿酸藥uric acid
Allopurinol
皮疹、腸胃不適
Gout: accumulation of uric acid
Uric acid: waste products of breakdown of purines
抗柏金遜症藥
Sinemet,
Madopar
體位性低血壓、暈眩, 噁心、嘔吐、
昏昏欲睡、 不自主動作
氣管舒張藥
Ipratropium, Tiotropium,
Salbutamol,
Terbutaline, Theophylline
口乾、心悸、咳嗽、頭痛、輕微顫抖
(特別在手部) 、神經緊張、嘔吐
抗心絞痛藥MI
Isosorbide mononitrite & dinitrate
Glycerin Trinitrate
頭痛、暈眩、面部潮紅
抗尿頻尿失禁藥
Oxybutynin
口乾、便秘、暈眩、視力模糊
消炎止痛藥
Diclofenac (NSAIDs COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor)
Ibuprofen (NSAIDs COX1 and COX-2 inhibitor)
Indomethacin,
Mefenamic Acid, (NSAIDs COX1 and COX-2 inhibitor)
Naproxen (NSAIDs COX1 and COX-2 inhibitor)
腸胃不適、胃潰瘍、皮疹、噁心、嘔
吐
降血糖藥
Gliclazide (diamicron)
Metformin
食慾下降、暈眩、血糖過低、噁心、
嘔吐
抗生素
Augmentin, Cloxacillin
Cefuroxime
腸胃不適、過敏反應、噁心、嘔吐、
食慾不振
氣管消炎藥
Beclomethasone,
Budesonide
口乾、咳嗽、 口腔或喉嚨出現真菌
感染、聲音可能變得沙啞
抗精神病藥(antipsychotics)
Quetiapine,
Risperidone
暈眩、體位性低血壓、頭痛
speech problem, chill, cold sweats, sleepiness, fast heartbeats, weight gain, constipation
TB drugs
Four drugs in the first 2 months:
isoniazid,
rifampicin,
pyrazinamide,
ethambutol
Two drugs in the subsequent 4 months
isoniazid,
rifampicin
