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Nature via Nurture MCQ > Examples > Flashcards

Examples Flashcards

1
Q

How can you measure the impacts of Nature and Nurture?

A

Parent offspring regression
Twin studies
Animal models
Clones

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2
Q

Problems with Narrow Sense heritability

A

Depends on environment variation
Female choice and lek paradox
Constant selection on a gene should reduce genetic variation

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3
Q

Human genome project problems?

A

Biggest finding was that there wasn’t a 1:1 relationship between genes and phenotype

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4
Q

How did caucasian and Aboriginal children differ in spatial memory?

A

Aboriginal children better, saw shapes rather than objects

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5
Q

Other examples of spatial memory differences?

A

London Cab Driver’s hippocampus

African athleitism: selection pressures from life style - stealing cattle in one town

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6
Q

What is the flow of actions in the central DOGMA?

A

Replication -> Transcription -> Translation

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7
Q

How does a mutation occur?

A

DNA polymerase is very accurate but sometimes mispairing/slippage
Normally 99% corrected but if not = MUTATION

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8
Q

Consequences of mutation in mitosis

A

Very little effect as other cells dont have similar mutations

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9
Q

2 major sources of Variation

A

Mutations

Recombination/Crossing over

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10
Q

Mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance

A
  1. Make DNA unable to bind to RNA transferase( Horizontal memory, Vertical memory)
  2. Chromatin/Histone remodelling
  3. Alternative Splicing
  4. Micro-RNA (mRNA)
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11
Q

Why is early environment linked to adulthood disease?

A

Long term effects of early development

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12
Q

4 hypothesis of why early development affects metabolic function

A
  1. 1992 Thrifty phenotype
  2. Thrifty phenotype as adaptive maternal effect
  3. PAR
  4. Matching between maternal and offspring phenotype
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13
Q

Examples of PAR

A

Meadow voles and coats

WWII correlational studies

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14
Q

Predictions of early vs. late life conditions (4)

A
  1. Environmental Matching
  2. Silver Spoon
  3. Matching/Silver Spoon
  4. Silver spoon/mactching II
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15
Q

Correlational evidence of early/late life conditions

A

Supportive of Silver spoon (2)

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16
Q

Experimental evidence pf early/late life conditions

A

Cichlid fish: Silver spoon
Mice: silver spoon with overriding adult conditions
Moths: Silver spoon with PAR evidence

17
Q

When do you see plasticity?

A

Environment is varying

Not too varying, would lead to a fixed strategy

18
Q

Seasonal plumage: Behavioural or Developmental Plasticity?

A

Behavioural

19
Q

Sneaker males: Behavioural or Developmental Plasticity?

A

Morphological changes - developmental

Behavioural plasticity between morphs

20
Q

Antlers/Horns: Behavioural or Developmental Plasticity?

A 
Behavioural with their seasonal plumage
Mainly developmental (cant get rid once they're there)
21
Q

Turtles: Behavioural or Developmental Plasticity?

A

TSD is developmental plasticity

22
Q

Social insects: Behavioural or Developmental Plasticity?

A

Developmental: royal jelly in bees changes morphology

However, decision to rear queen/worker is behavioural

23
Q

Crucian carp deep bodies: Behavioural or Developmental Plasticity?

A

Developmental and adaptive (in presence of pike)

24
Q

Preference for big eyes in women is a sign of what?

A

Neoteny (juvenile chimp features maintained)

25
Q

3 examples of heterochrony

A

Salmonoids
Tiger Salamanders
Axolotl

26
Q

Where does the evidence for the Modern Synthesis come from?

A

Genetics, Paleontology, systematics

27
Q

Problems with the modern synthesis

A

How do plastically complex traits arise?

28
Q

How is Gradual change controversial to the modern synthesis?

A

Why don’t 2 fitness peaks converge into 1 (e.g. sneaker males should speciate)

29
Q

What is under selection: Genotype or Phenotype?

A

Still under debate (Selection currently = change in allelic frequency)

30
Q

Resolution to modern synthesis problem?

A

Selection acts on phenotype, not genes

Genes commonly follow evolution, not drive it

31
Q

Example of resolution to modern synthesis

A

Bees: eusocial from morphology or behaviour?

Unlikely to be mutation alone, selection on traits

Nature via Nurture MCQ (2 decks)

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