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BIO.XII > Examples > Flashcards

Examples Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

  1. Binary fission:
  2. Budding:
  3. Cell Division:
A
  1. Amoeba
  2. Yeast
  3. Protists & Monerans
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2
Q

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION STRUCTURE

  1. Zoospores:
  2. Conidia:
  3. Buds:
  4. Gemmules:
A
  1. Chlamydomonas
  2. Penicillium
  3. Hydra
  4. Sponges
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3
Q

VEGETATIVE PROPAGULES IN ANGIOSPERMS
1. Eyes:
2. Rhizome:
3. Bulbil:
4. Leaf Buds:
5. Offsets:

A
  1. Potato
  2. Ginger, Banana
  3. Agave
  4. Bryophyllum
  5. Water hyacinth
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4
Q

OESTRUS CYCLE

A
  • Tiger
  • Cows
  • Sheep
  • Rats
  • Deers
  • Dogs
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5
Q

MENSTRUAL CYCLE

A
  • Monkey
  • Apes
  • Humans
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6
Q

MONOECIOUS PLANTS
Bisexual plants

A
  • Cucurbits
  • Coconut
  • Chara
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7
Q

DIOECIOUS PLANTS
Unisexual plants

A
  • Papaya
  • Date palm
  • Marchantia
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8
Q

BISEXUAL ANIMALS
Hermaphrodite

A
  • Earthworm
  • Sponge
  • Leech
  • Tapeworm
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9
Q

UNISEXUAL ANIMALS

A

Cockroach

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10
Q

PARTHENOGENESIS

A
  • Rotifers
  • Honey bee
  • Some lizards
  • Birds (turkey)
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11
Q

EXTERNAL FERTILISATION

A
  • Most aquatic organisms
  • Majority of algae + fishes + Amphibians
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12
Q

INTERNAL FERTILISATION

A
  • Mang terrestial organisms (Belonging to fungi)
  • Higher animals (reptiles, birds, mammals)
  • Majority of plants (Bryophytes, pteridophyte, gymnosperm, angiosperm)
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13
Q

MULTICARPELLARY SYNCARPOUS PISTIL

A

Papaver

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14
Q

MULTICARPELLARY APOCARPUS GYNOECIUM

A

Michelia

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15
Q

PRESENCE OF ONE OVULE IN AN OVARY

A
  • Wheat
  • Paddy
  • Mango
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16
Q

PRESENCE OF MANY OVULES IN AN OVARY

A
  • Papaya
  • Watermelon
  • Orchids
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17
Q

AUTOGAMY

A
  • Viola (common pansy)
  • Oxalis
  • Commelina
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18
Q

ABIOTIC AGENTS OF POLLINATION

A

Wind
Water

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19
Q

BIOTIC AGENTS OF POLLINATION

A
  • Animals [Bees, Butterflies, Beetles, Wasp, Ants, Moths, Birds (sunbird, humming bird), Bats, Some Primates (lemurs), arboreal (tree-dwelling), rodents, reptiles (gecko lizard & garden lizard).
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20
Q

WIND POLLINATION

A

Grasses

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21
Q

INSECTS OR WIND POLLINATION

A

Water Hyacinth
Water Lilly

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22
Q

ENDOSPERM COMPLETELY CONSUMED BY DEVELOPING EMBRYO BEFORE SEED MATURATION

A
  • Pea
  • Groundnuts
  • Beans
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23
Q

PERSISTENT ENDOSPERM

A

Castor
Coconut

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24
Q

ALBUMINOUS SEED

A

Wheat
Maize
Barley
Castor
Sunflower

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25
Q

NON-ALBUMINOUS SEED

A

Pea
Groundnut

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26
Q

TRUE FRUIT

A

Most of the fruits

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27
Q

FALSE FRUITS

A

Apple
Strawberry
Cashew

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28
Q

PARTHENOCARPIC FRUITS

A

Banana

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29
Q

APOMIXIS

A

Asteraceae
Grasses

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30
Q

POLYEMBRYONY

A

Citrus fruits

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31
Q

HORMONES RELEASED DURING PREGNANCY

A
  • BY PLACENTA-
    hcG
    hPL
    Estrogen
    Progesterone
  • BY OVARY-
    Relaxin
    During pregnancy levels of estrogens, progesterone, cortisol, prolactin, thyroxine are also increases in maternal blood
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32
Q

NATURAL METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION

A
  • Periodic abstinence
  • Withdrawal & coitus interrupts
  • Lactational amenorrhea
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33
Q

BARRIER METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION

A

Condoms
Diaphragm
Vaults
Cervical caps

34
Q

INTRA UTERINE DEVICES
- Non-medicated
- Copper releasing
- Hormone releasing

A
  • Lippes loop
  • CuT, Cu7, multiload 375
  • Progesterone, LNG-20
35
Q

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

A

Dog flower (snapdragon or antirrhinum species)

36
Q

CO-DOMINANCE

A

ABO Blood grouping

37
Q

MULTIPLE ALLELISM

A

ABO blood grouping

38
Q

PLEIOTROPY

A

Phenylketonuria

39
Q

MALE HETEROGAMETY

A

Humans
Drosophila(XY)

40
Q

FEMALE HETEROGAMETY

A

Birds (ZW)

41
Q

POINT MUTATION

A

Sickle cell anemia

42
Q

MENDELIAN DISORDERS

A

Haemophilia
Cystic fibrosis
Sickle cell anemia
Colour blindness
Phenylketonuria
Thalassemia

43
Q

CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS

A

Down’s syndrome
Klinefelter’s sundry
Turner’s syndrome

44
Q

PURINES

A

Adenine
Guanine

45
Q

PYRIMIDINES

A

Cystosine
Uracil
Thymine

46
Q

HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE
Divergent evolution

A
  • forelimbs of whales, bats, cheetah, humans
  • vertebrates hearts or brains
  • thorns & tenders of Bougainville & cucurbita
47
Q

ANALOGOUS STRUCTURE
Convergent evolution

A
  • wings of butterfly & birds
  • eye of octopus & mammals
  • flippers of penguins & dolphins
48
Q

ROOT MODIFICATION

A

Sweet potato

49
Q

STEM MODIFICATION

A

Potato

50
Q

ADAPATIVE RADIATION

A

Darwin finches
Australian marsopial

51
Q

PLACENTAL MAMMALS

A

Mole
Anteater
Mouse
Lemur
Flying squirrel
Bobcat
Wolf

52
Q

AUSTRALIAN MAMMALS

A

Marsopial mole
Numbat (anteater)
Marsupial mouse
Spotted cuscus
Flying phalanger
Tasmanian tiger cat
Tasmanian wolf

53
Q

PASSIVE IMMUNITY

A

Colostrum
Injection in case of snake bites

54
Q

PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGANS

A

Bone marrow
Thymus

55
Q

SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS

A

Spleen lymph nodes
Tonsils
Peyer’s patches of small intestine & appendix

56
Q

FRESH WATER FISH

A

Catla
Rahu
Common carp

57
Q

MARINE FISHES

A

Hilsa
Sardines
Mackerel
Pomfret

58
Q

SEMI-DWARF VARIETIES OF WHEAT

A

Sonalika
Kalyan sona

59
Q

SEMI-DWARF VARIETIES OF RICE

A

Jaya
Ratna

60
Q

Diseases caused by fungi

A

Brown rust of wheat
Red rot of sugarcane
Late blight of potato

61
Q

DISEASES CAUSED BY VIRUSES

A

Tobacco mosaic
Turnip mosaic

62
Q

DISEASES CAUSED BY BACTERIA

A

Black rot od crucifer

63
Q

FREE LIVING NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA

A

Azospirrillum
Azoto bacter

64
Q

CYANOBACTERIA AS NITROGEN FIXERS

A

Anabaena
Nostoc
Oscillatoria

65
Q

SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA

A

Rhizobium

66
Q

MAJOR BIOMASS OF INDIA

A
  • Tropical rain forest
  • Deciduous forest
  • Desert
  • Sea coast
67
Q

PREDATION

A

Prickly pear cactus
Cactus feeding predators (a moth)

68
Q

PARASITISM

A
  • life cycle of human liver fluke
  • malarial parasite
  • cuscuta
69
Q

A BRUTE PARASITISM

A

Cuckoo (Koel)
The rrow

70
Q

COMMENSALISM

A
  • barnacles growing on the back of a whale
  • an orchid growing on as an epiphyte on a mango branch
  • cattle egret & grazing cattle
  • sea anemone & clown fish
71
Q

MUTUALISM

A
  • lichens- mutualistic
    Relationship between a fungus and a photosynthesising algae or Cyanobacteria
  • mycorrhizae- association between fungi & roots of higher plants
  • pollination ( zoophily, entomophily)
  • between fig tree & wasp
72
Q

GASEOUS NUTRIENT CYCLE

A

Nitrogen
Carbon cycle

73
Q

SEDIMENTARY CYCLE

A

Sulphur
Phosphate cycle

74
Q

PLANTS WITH HALLOCINOGENIC PROPERTIES

A

Erythroxylum coca
Atropa
Belladonna
Datura

75
Q

SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA

A

Rhizobium

76
Q

FREE LIVING NITROGEN BACTERIA

A

Azospirillum
Azotobacter

77
Q

CYANOBACTERIA AS NITROGEN FIXER

A

ANABAENA
NOSTOC
OSCILLATORIA

78
Q

COMPETITION

A

Between superior barnacle balanus & smaller barnacle

79
Q

IN-SITU CONSERVATION

A

Biosphere reserve
National parks
Wildlife sanctuaries

80
Q

EX-SITU CONSERVATION

A

Zoological parks
Botanical gardens
Wildlife safari parks

BIO.XII (3 decks)

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