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CSCT > Example questions > Flashcards

Example questions Flashcards

1
Q

Frank Starling law of the heart asserts that the force of caridiac contraction is….

A

proportional to the ventricular preload

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2
Q

What is the normal resting ventricular ejection fraction?

A

approx. 60%

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3
Q

What is normallly associated with decreased contractility?

A

negative inotropic effect

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4
Q

What is not a clinical indicator of ventricular afterload?

A

End Diastolic Pressure

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5
Q

What is Normal RAP?

(Right Atrial Pressure)

A

0 mmHg

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6
Q

When will venous blood flow increase?

A

presence of arterial vasodilation

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7
Q

Blood pressure is regulated by ___________ and ________ baroreceptors.

A

carotid and aortic

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8
Q

What is ventricular preload is equal to?

A

Ventriculat end diastolic pressure

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9
Q

Administering which drug can decrease digoxin toxicity associated with hypokalemia?

A

Captopril

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10
Q

What will Digoxin is administered to a pt. with HF induce?

A

increased myocardial contractility

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11
Q

How long should pacemaker batteries last?

A

5 - 10 years depending on usage

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12
Q

A pt. has developed a. fib. (150BPM), What should be assessed next ?

A

BP, make sure pt. is stable

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13
Q

A pt. with an MI experiences new multiform PVCs. The pt. is allergic to lidocaine, what is the next drug of choice?

A

Procainimide or Amiodarone

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14
Q

What is the primary reason for administering morphine to an MI pt?

A

decrease O2 demand on the heart

Should be used with caution for patient with an MI of RCA

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15
Q

What is the first intervention for pt. experiencing MI?

A

O2

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16
Q

True or False

The diagnosis of acute MI is based primarily on the ECG

A

False, Troponins

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17
Q

What is the normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure?

A

approx. 8-12 mmHg

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18
Q

True or False

The more perpendicular phase 0 is of the action potential curve, the greater the velocity an impulse will be conducted.

A

True

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19
Q

Where does preductus coarctation of the aorta causes decrease blood pressure?*

A

Lower extremities

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20
Q

What may account for low voltages in the limb leads?*

A

COPD

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21
Q

What is commonly associated with aortic stenosis? (5 possible answers)*

A
  1. Mitral regurgitation
  2. LVH
  3. LAE
  4. CHF
  5. sudden cardiac death
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22
Q

When doing an exercise test on someone with short legs modified bruce should be considered. Why?

A

steps are much shorter and speed does not increase rapidly

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23
Q

What is the insertion of a balloon-tipped catheter into an occluded artery to open the lumen called?

A

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

PTCA

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24
Q

What is the term for generalized edema over the entire body is called?

A

Anasarca

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25
Q

List 4 possible causes for torsades.

A
  1. Hypokalemia
  2. long QT
  3. accessory bypass tract
  4. quinidine
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26
Q

Which artery is normally used to introduce a catheter?*

A

Femoral or radial

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27
Q

A pencil sound beam used to measure the pressure gradient of the valves refers to what method of echo?

A

pulsed and continuous wave

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28
Q

What is the best tx. for torsades resulting from bradycardia induced long QT syndrome?

A

ICD

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29
Q

An 80 y/o F c CAD and normal ECG is referred for GXT. She is unable to walk due to physical limitations. What are her best options for tests?

A
  1. MIBI
  2. dobutamine GXT
  3. echo
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30
Q

What classification of antiarrhymics has the primary effect of slowing the AV conduction?

A

Class IV Calcium channel blockers

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31
Q

What is a common serious side effect of amiodarone therapy?

A

pulmonary toxicity

32
Q

What would be the most effective tx. of a pt. with nocturnal angina?

A

add ß blocker in addition to Nitrate therapy

33
Q

The speed and grade of Bruce proticol in stage 1 is the same as modified Bruce in stage ___.

A

3

34
Q

Two weeks post implantation of a pacemaker, loss of capture is associated with what?

A

Increase in stimulation threshold

35
Q

What monitor is most appropriate for pacemaker pts. who are unable to attend follow up to check battery?

A

trans - telephonic

36
Q

What condition believed to be caused by excess vagal tone, may be suspected when a pt suffers syncopal spells upon tightening a collar or turning the head?

A

Hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome

37
Q

S1 is represented by what?*

A

closing of mitral and tricuspid valves

38
Q

In DDDR pacemaker, what does the “R” represents?

A

Rate responsive pacing

39
Q

When the pacing lead is at the apex of the right ventricle, the paced QRS will resemble what?

A

LBBB with Left Axis Deciation

40
Q

What pacemaker mode would be best for a pt. who has SSS, chronotropic incompetence and an intact AV conduction system?

A

AAIR

41
Q

Define: voltage

A

amount of pressure in an electrical loop measured in volts

42
Q

What is Einthoven’s law?

A

Sum of amplitude of recorded complexes in lead I and lead III = amplitude of lead II

43
Q

What does AV stand for in relationship to the unipolar limb leads?

A

Augmented voltage

44
Q

Where is zero potential located in the chest?

A

center of the heart

45
Q

How would you record the third dimension of the heart ?

A

Chest leads

46
Q

What is the small bump felt where the manubrium meets the sterna body?

A

Sterna Angle

47
Q

What is the invasive procedure using a unipolar lead to identify atrial activity?

A

Esophageal lead

48
Q

What is the initial emergency management of the victim who has lost consciousness?

A

CPR

49
Q

What is used to diagnoseand correct SVT caused by re entry?

A

Vagal maneuvers or carotid massage

50
Q

What are some of the conditions associated with tamponade ?

A
  1. trauma
  2. infections
  3. neoplastic dx
  4. cardiac surgery
  5. post CPR
  6. perforation by cath
51
Q

What is the purpose of the right leg electrode?

A

serves as a ground to keep average voltage of the pt. the same as the recording instrument

52
Q

Why is a 15 lead ECG done?

A

Posterior or RV MI

53
Q

What are the two benefits of the AV node?

A
  1. protect the ventricles by limiting the number of impulses
  2. delays all impulses to allow for atrial contraction
54
Q

What part of the action potential curve represents cell activation or depolarization?

A

Phase 0

55
Q

Which cell typically has the steepest rise of phase 4?

A

sinus node

56
Q

Which cell has the longest refractory ?

A

Purkinje

57
Q

What conditions may cause enhanced automaticity?

A
  1. hypokalemia
  2. hypocalcemia
  3. dig toxicity
  4. fever
  5. hypercapnea
  6. trauma
  7. MI
  8. sympathetic stimulus
58
Q

WPW occurs down what additional pathway?

A

Bundle of Kent

59
Q

Will WPW respond to cardioversion?

A

Yes

60
Q

What is the Normal HR for 2-3 month olds?

A

95-180 bpm

61
Q

What is the most common congenital heart disease?

A

VSD

62
Q

What is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect beyond infancy?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

63
Q

What are 3 cardiac defects that obstruct LV or RV outflow?

A
  1. Aortic stenosis
  2. pulmonic stenosis
  3. coarctation of the aorta
64
Q

What is the common serious side effect of amiodarone?

A

pulmonary toxicity

65
Q

What drug will temporarily increase heart rate?

A
  1. atropine
  2. isoproterenol
66
Q

What is the reciprocal lead?

Anterior

A

Inferior

67
Q

What is the reciprocal lead?

Inferior

A

High Lateral

68
Q

What is the reciprocal lead?

Lateral

A

Septal

69
Q

Posterior

A

Septal

70
Q
A

Septal / Anterior

71
Q
A

Lateral

72
Q
A

Inferior

73
Q
A

Left Anterior Decending

74
Q
A

Left Circumflex

75
Q
A

Right Coronary artery

CSCT (1 decks)

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