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DISABILITIES > Examination reviewer > Flashcards

Examination reviewer Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of IDEA (individual with Disability Education Act) about Emotional DIsturbance

A

Inability to Learn
Inability to Build or Maintain Relationships
Inappropriate Behavior or Feelings
Pervasive Mood of Unhappiness or Depression.
Physical Symptoms or Fears

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2
Q

What is PTSD

A

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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3
Q

physical and mental defect and because of high level consumption of alcohol during pregnancy

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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4
Q

Individuals with this type may struggle to memorize phonemes and blend them in the correct sequence to write a targeted word.

A

Phonological Dysgraphia

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5
Q

Clouding of the eye’s natural lens, leading to blurred vision.

A

cataracts

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6
Q

types of visual impairment

A

low vision
partial sight
blindness
total blindness
color blindness
night blindness (nyctalopia)
tunnel vision

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7
Q

It involve the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord, or nerves that send impulses to muscles) and It affect a child’s ability to move, use, feel, or body control certain parts of the e.g. spina bifida, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injuries

A

Neuromotor Impairments

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8
Q
  • Difficulty with mathematical expressions or equations, as well as with reading and comprehending mathematical symbols and numbers
A

Lexical Dyscalculia

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9
Q

The most common cause of motor dysgraphia?

A

Poor fine motor abilities

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10
Q

Rare Form of Dyslexia

A

Attentional Dyslexia

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11
Q

a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent
patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

A

ADHD

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12
Q

4 types of Refractive Error

A

Myopia (Nearsightedness)
Hyperopia (Farsightedness):
Astigmatism
Presbyopia

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13
Q

described as a physical limitation that affects the musculoskeletal system

A

ORTHOPEDIC IMPAIRMENT

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14
Q

An individual might show struggle with grip where it causes them to have undefinely shaky motor, have weak muscular tone, or lack agility.

A

Motor Dysgraphia

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15
Q

A specific learning disability in WRITING

A

Dysgraphia

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16
Q

a communication disorder, such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.

A

Speech and Language Impairment

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17
Q

What are the three categories of Dyslexia?

A

Developmental, Secondary and Acquired

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18
Q

A degree of deafness where it shows difficulty hearing soft sounds

A

Mild

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19
Q

Can understand mathematical ideas when talking about them, and can read mathematical information, but has trouble writing or using math symbols to convey this understanding.

A

Graphical dyscalculia

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20
Q

a group of disorders characterized by slow weakening and muscular loss

A

muscular dystrophy

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21
Q

What is OCD?

A

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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22
Q

What are the characteristics of Inattentive Type (ADHD-I)?

A

Difficulty Sustaining Attention
Easily Distracted
Poor Organization
Forgetfulness
Avoidance of Mental Effort
Careless Mistakes

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23
Q

type of hearing impairment where vibrations are not passing through from the outer ear to the inner ear, specially in cochlea

A

CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS

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24
Q

Spectrum means?

A

Multiple Disabilities

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25
Q

the degrees of deafness and hearing loss:

A

MILD
MODERATE
SEVERELY
PROFOUND

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26
Q

Rapid naming Deficit is also known as

A

Rapid Auto Naming Dyslexia

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27
Q

It is another name for Reading Disorder

A

Language Based Learning Disability

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28
Q

It usually appeard in childhood, but adults may have it without knowing it

A

Dyscalculia

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29
Q

complete or near-complete loss of sight in one or both eyes. It can range from an inability to see anything, including light, to seeing only shapes or shadows

A

blindness

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30
Q

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent of?

A

inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

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31
Q

Skeletal system impairments that involve the joints, bones, limbs, and associated muscles include defects or diseases of bones and muscles, such as limb deficiency or club-foot.

A

Musculoskeletal Disorders

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32
Q

Having difficulty with visual processing and working memory.

A

Visual Dyslexia

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33
Q

This type of ADHD describe the following characteristics:

Difficulty Sustaining Attention
Easily Distracted
Poor Organization
Forgetfulness
Avoidance of Mental Effort
Careless Mistakes

A

ADHD-I (inattentive type)

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34
Q

loss of peripheral vision with retention of central vision, resulting in a constricted circular tunnel-like field of vision.

A

tunnel vision

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35
Q

A progressive condition that affects the central part of the retina (the macula), leading to loss of central vision.

A

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

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36
Q

A type of Learning disorder where it is described as Reading Disorder

A

Dyslexia

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37
Q

ADHD typically begins in what?

A

during childhood

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38
Q

It can often process the whole words but not the individual sounds that make them up

A

Phonological Dyslexia

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39
Q

What does ADHD means?

A

Attentional Deficit Hyper-activity Disorder

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40
Q

type of hearing impairment where it refers to hearing impairment in just one ear and to both ears

A

UNILATERAL/ BILATERAL

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41
Q

Types of Dyscalculia

A

Verbal dyscalculia
Practognostic dyscalculia
Lexical dyscalculia
Graphical dyscalculia
Ideognostical dyscalculia
Operational dyscalculia

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42
Q
A
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43
Q

Results from experiencing or witnessing traumatic events, leading to flashbacks, severe anxiety, and emotional distress.

A

(PTSD) Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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44
Q

It is known as disability in the surface, orthographic or dyseidetic

A

Visual Dyslexia

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45
Q

A Disorder meaning results from differences in a way a person’s brain is wired.

A

Developmental Disorder

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46
Q

It Involves difficulty with talking about mathematical concepts or relationship.

A

Verbal Dyscalculia

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47
Q

those that affect motor movement such as muscular dystrophy.

A

Degenerative Diseases

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48
Q

What are the characteristic of ADHD-HI

A

Restlessness
Excessive Talking
Impulsive Behavior
Difficulty Waiting
Excessive Physical Activity

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49
Q

In the Category of Dyslexia, what is Secondary?

A

There’s an issue with Neurological Development during Fetal Period.

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50
Q

causes difficulties’ with writing mathematical symbols, including but not limited to numbers.

A

Graphical dyscalculia

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51
Q

the presence of a damage to the brain and consequences of such lesion in terms of loss or impairment in motor functioning.

A

cerebral palsy

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52
Q

This type is marked primarily by inattention and distractibility, with fewer or no hyperactivity symptoms

A

ADHD-I (Inattentive Type)

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53
Q

different types of deafness and hearing impairment

A

CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS
SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS
MIXED HEARING LOSS
UNILATERAL/ BILATERAL
PROGRESSIVE OR SUDDEN

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54
Q

It affects brain areas that handle math- and number-related skills and understanding

A

Dyscalculia

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55
Q

also known as “split spine”

A

spina bifida

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56
Q

deficiency in understanding and sharing thoughts and ideas.

A

language impairment

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57
Q

Letters seeming out of sequence and words seems to actually move or jump around on the page

A

Developmental Neglect

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58
Q

Difficulty solving mathematical puzzles and comprehending mathematical ideas without the use of numbers.

A

Ideognostical dyscalculia

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59
Q

Characterized by difficulties in writing and spelling unfamiliar words, non-words, and phonetically irregular words.

A

Phonological Dysgraphia

60
Q

It is a trouble in Decoding and Sounding out words

A

Phonological Dyslexia

61
Q

Damage to the blood vessels in the retina due to uncontrolled diabetes,

A

Diabetic Retinopathy

62
Q

This is one of the characteristic that describes disorder: difficulty with written organization and expression even though they may have good ideas when speaking.

A

dysgraphia

63
Q

type of hearing impairment caused by dysfunction of the inner ear, normally due to damaged of hair cells in the cochlea

A

SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS

64
Q

a type of visual impairment where there is Distorted or blurry vision due to an irregular shape of the cornea or lens.

A

Astigmatism

65
Q

most commonly appears at birth and is caused by a shortened Achilles tendon, which forces the foot to turn in and under. it is frequent in boys.

A

clubfoot

66
Q

It co-morbid with phonological dyslexia

A

Rapid Naming Deficit

67
Q

Caused by a failure of the letter-word-binding system, resulting in the migration of letters between words.

A

Attentional Dyslexia

68
Q

single disability that is very serious and significantly limits a person’s ability to function independently.

A

severe disability

69
Q

the three categories of orthopedic impairments

A

Neuromotor Impairments
Degenerative Diseases
Musculoskeletal Disorders

70
Q

It is a learning disorder that affects a person’s ability to do math.

A

Dyscalculia

71
Q

irect injury to the eye or the surrounding areas, including trauma to the cornea, lens, retina, or optic nerve, can cause visual impairment.

A

Trauma and Injury

72
Q

develops after birth and can be caused by injury or disease.

A

Acquired Orthopedic Impairment

73
Q

In what year was Autism describe?

A

1943

74
Q

The inability to hear properly or at all.

A

Deafness

75
Q

Some medications, such as corticosteroids or certain chemotherapy drugs, may lead to eye problems

A

medications and toxicity

76
Q

Occur in response to significant life changes or stressors, resulting in emotional or behavioral symptoms that are disproportionate to the event.

A

Adjustment Disorders

77
Q

Have difficulty translating their abstract mathematical knowledge into real-world actions or procedures

A

Practognostic Dyscalculia

78
Q

having difficulty seeing, ranging from mild blurriness to complete blindness

A

Visual Impairment

79
Q

refers to a significant visual impairment that cannot be corrected with glasses or contact lenses.

A

low vision

80
Q

What is the Latin word for Dyslexia?

A

Dys - Difficulty, Lexia - Language/Words

81
Q

It is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent challenges in social communication and interaction, along with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

82
Q

Who was the first person to describe the Autism?

A

Dr. Leo Kanner

83
Q

caused by gene mutation, affect bone formation.

A

Achondroplasia

84
Q

A degree of deafness where a person is unable to hear loud sounds

A

Severe

85
Q

Milder form of ASD, often referred to as “high-
functioning autism.

A

Asperger’s Syndrome

86
Q

It Involves difficulties both with reading pace and language processing.

A

Rapid Naming Deficit

87
Q

A degree of deafness where a person is near or total inability to hear or cannot hear a sound below 90 dB

A

Profound

88
Q

Includes generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety characterized by excessive worry and fear.

A

Anxiety Disorder

89
Q

The word Autism came from what greek word that means self?

A

Autos

90
Q

Problems telling apart letters with similar shapes, such as “d” and “b” or “p” and “q.”

A

Visual Dyslexia

91
Q

a person cannot see anything at all

A

total blindness

92
Q

Difficulty seeing in low light or darkness.

A

Night Blindness (Nyctalopia)

93
Q

difficulty in articulation of words.

A

speech impairment

94
Q

Example of Assistive Technologies for Visual Impairment

A

Screen readers
Optical Character Recognition
(OCR)
Audio books and Book players
Magnification software
Voice assistants
Accessible GPS
CCTV Magnifiers

95
Q

Characterized by unwanted, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) aimed at reducing anxiety.

A

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

96
Q

It is a traditional form of
autism

A

Autistic Disorder (Classic Autism)

97
Q

It is type of visual impairment which is Age-related and showed symptoms of difficulty focusing on near objects, usually after age 40

A

Presbyopia

98
Q

Leads to errors like reversals of letters, reading words from right to left.

A

Developmental Neglect

99
Q

It is characterized by difficulty in both phonological processing (breaking down sounds) and visual-spatial processing (attending to and decoding symbols).

A

Double Deficit Dyslexia

100
Q

type of hearing impairment hearing where loss worsens over time (progressive) or happens quickly (sudden)

A

PROGRESSIVE OR SUDDEN

101
Q

Have difficulty working with actual quantities, volumes equations in a practical way

A

Practognostic Dyscalculia

102
Q

Autism was often confused with what?

A

Psychiatric disorders and schizophrenia

103
Q

lack of amniotic fluid in the womb of the mother and family history of the condition.

A

Dislocation of hip

104
Q

a condition where a person has trouble distinguishing between certain colors.

A

color blindness

105
Q

How did Dr. Leo Kanner described the autism as?

A

a distinct neurodevelopmental condition

106
Q

A person who is not able to hear as well as someone with normal hearing

A

Hearing Impairment

107
Q

This kind of dyscalculia manifests as difficulties completing mathematical computations or procedures, either verbal or written

A

Operational dyscalculia

108
Q

what is the Italian word of calculia which means to count?

A

Calculare

109
Q

A type of dyslexia where it causes in visual or processing issues.

A

Developmental Neglect

110
Q

orthopedic impairment that a child is born with and begins before birth.

A

congenital orthopedic impairment

111
Q

A degree of deafness where it shows difficulty hearing conversational speech

A

Moderate

112
Q

Occurs when a person can spell but relies heavily on sound-to-letter patterns when writing, leading to misspellings of irregular words

A

Lexical Dysgraphia

113
Q

It is a type of dysgraphia where it affect writing both of forms

A

Spatial Dysgraphia

114
Q

What are the 6 Types of Dyslexia?

A
  1. Phonological (Dysphonetic Dyslexia)
  2. Visual
  3. Attentional Dyslexia
  4. Developmental Neglect
  5. Rapid Naming Deficit
  6. Double Deficit Dyslexia
115
Q

Who is the Researcher that was able to identified a condition which is called Asperger Syndrome?

A

Hans Asperger

116
Q

rare and severe form of ASD

A

Child Disintegrative Disorder (CDD)

117
Q

This type of ADHD describe the following characteristics:

Restlessness
Excessive Talking
Impulsive Behavior
Difficulty Waiting
Excessive Physical Activity

A

hyperactive-impulsive type (ADHD-HI)

118
Q

mainly characterized
by hyperactive and impulsive
behaviors.

A

HYPERACTIVE-IMPULSIVE
TYPE (ADHD-HI)

119
Q

Type of dysgraphia that causes unreadable writing.

A

Dyslexic Dysgraphia

120
Q

A condition when an individual showed some symptoms of autism but did not fully meet the criteria for other specific types like classic autism or Asperger’s.

A

PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER-
NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED (PDD-NOS)

121
Q

The three types of ADHD

A
  • ADHD-I (Inattentive Type)
  • HYPERACTIVE-IMPULSIVE
    TYPE (ADHD-HI)
  • Combined type (ADHD-C)
122
Q

It is an Impaired ability to read more than one word or to name more than one letter when two or more are presented simultaneously on the page.

A

Attentional Dyslexia

123
Q

development of poor muscle and curvature of spine

A

Marfan Syndrome

124
Q

They may also have difficulty organizing written material or following directions that require multiple steps

A

Double Deficit Dyslexia

125
Q

A group of diseases that damage the optic nerve, often due to high intraocular pressure.

A

Glaucoma

126
Q

This disorder is characterized as:
- struggle with handwriting and drawing
- Staying within the lines on paper
- Using correct spacing between words
- Handwriting and drawing legibly
- Aligning writing on the page

A

Spatial Dysgraphia

127
Q

what kind of disability is described if a person shows awkward or unusual wrist, body, or paper position when writing?

A

Dysgraphia

128
Q

Primarily involves depression and bipolar disorder, leading to persistent sadness or mood swings.

A

Mood Disorder

129
Q

Involves difficulties with attention, impulse control, and hyperactivity, which can affect emotional regulation.

A

ADHD

130
Q

a genetic disorder that affects girls
almost exclusively, shows symptoms such as Repetitive hand movements, such as wringing or tapping.

A

Rett Syndrome

131
Q

Includes oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder, where individuals may display defiance, aggression, or rule-breaking behavior.

A

Behavioral Disorder

132
Q

a type of visual impairment where there is Difficulty seeing distant objects.

A

myopia (nearsighted)

133
Q

a person has two or more disabilities, each of which can be mild, moderate, or severe.

A

multiple disability

134
Q

Infections like conjunctivitis (pink eye), keratitis, or uveitis (inflammation of the uvea) can cause temporary or permanent visual impairment if left untreated.

A

Infections and Inflammation

135
Q

In the Category of Dyslexia, what is Developmental?

A

The Dyslexia is inherited/genetic mutations

136
Q

Types of Dysgraphia

A

Dyslexic dysgraphia
Motor dysgraphia
Spatial Dysgraphia
Phonological Dysgraphia
Lexical dysgraphia

137
Q

It is related to problems of spatial perception, which affects letter spacing and drawing ability

A

Spatial Dysgraphia

138
Q

In greek word, what is Dysgraphia means?

A

Dys - Difficulty
Graphia - Letters formed by hand

139
Q

In the Category of Dyslexia, what is Acquired?

A

Acquired is when the condition is a result of illness or an injury.

140
Q

a type of visual impairment where there is Difficulty focusing on close objects.

A

Hyperopia (farsightedness)

141
Q

type of hearing impairment where it is a combination of conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss.

A

Mixed hearing loss

142
Q

some vision remains, but it may be blurred, distorted, or limited vision .

A

partial sight

143
Q

This is a disability where the individual handles the pencil too tight or too light when they do grip or put pressure.

A

Dysgraphia

144
Q

also called “Infantile paralysis” and an acute infectious disease spread from person to person

A

polio

145
Q

Types of Speech and Language Impairment

A

Articulation Disorders
Language Delays
Receptive Language Disorder
Expressive Language Disorder
Fluency Disorders
Voice Disorders

146
Q

Having trouble in irregularly spelled sight words

A

Visual Dyslexia

DISABILITIES (2 decks)

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