Examination Questions Flashcards
What is the normal range for heart rate?
60-100
CARDIO: what are you looking for in the hands?
Nicotine staining
Clubbing
Palmer creases
CARDIO: What is the normal measurement of the JVP
<3 cm
CARDIO: What is the anatomical position of the apex beat?
5th intercostal space, mid clavicular line
CARDIO: Where are the different valves ausculated?
Aortic: upper right sternal edge (2nd ICS)
Pulmonary: uppler left sternal edge (2nd ICS)
Tricuspid: lower left sternal edge (5th ICS)
Mitral: where the apex is
CARDIO: what are the borders of the heart?
Right sternal edge (2nd)
Left sternal edge (3rd)
Right sternal edge (6th)
Left mid ICS (5th)
RESP: What are the borders of the lung?
Along sternal border from apex to 4th costal cartilage.
Right lung arcs down to the 6th rib in the mid-clavicular line, the 8th rib in mid axillary line and 10th rib adjacent to the vertebral column
RESP: what are is the normal range for RR?
12-16
RESP: Where does the trachea bifurcate?
At the level of the manubriosternal junction (2nd costal cartilage, T4/5
RESP: Where are the apexes of the lung?
2.5 cm above the medial 3rd of the calvicle
GIT: What are the 6 signs you are looking for on the hand?
Nicotine Clubbing Palmer creases Dupeytrens contracture Leuconychia Metabolic flap
GIT: What are the features you are looking for on the chest and abdomen?
Scars Gynaecomastia Striae Caput medusa Spider veins
GIT: what is the normal span of the liver?
12-13 cm
GIT: What are the organs in the RUQ?
Liver, gallbladder
GIT: what are the organs in the LUQ?
Spleen, stomach
GIT: Where is McBurney’s point?
1/3 of the along the line between the umbilicus and the midpoint
GIT: Where are the kidneys located?
Left: XI
Right: XII
GIT: Where is the spleen located?
Left ribs behind IX, X and XI.
Lower limb: What are you looking for when observing the gait of the patient?
Fluidity
Asymmetry
Lower limb: What are you looking for in general inspection?
Scars/deformities, muscle bulk, fasiculations
Lower limb: What is paraparesis?
Incomplete loss of strength to legs
Lower limb: What is monoplegia?
Complete loss of strength to one limb
Lower limb sensory: Where do pain fibres decussate?
Spinal Cord
Lower limb sensory: Where do proprioceptive fibres decussate?
Medulla
Lower limb sensory: Where do soft touch decussate?
Medulla
Lower limb sensory: Where are the dermatomes?
Label them
Optic: What does 6/12 vision mean?
Patient can read something at 6 m that a normal person can read at 12 m
Optic: What does the pinhole do?
Correct for refractive errors
Optic: What effect would a unilateral lesion before the optic chiasm have on a patient’s visual field?
Unilateral blindness
Optic: What cranial nerves are examined in the pupillary light reflex?
CNII (optic)
CNIII (opthalmic)
Upper limb: What are the myotomes for biceps, brachialis, triceps and finger?
Bicep C5,6
Brachialis C5,6
Triceps C7,8
Finger C8
Upper limb: What lesion is being tested in the finger-nose test?
Posterior cerebellar lesion
Upper limb: What lesion is being tested in the Hand rapid alternating test?
Anterior Cerebellar Lesion
Upper limb: Where are the dermatomes of the upper limb?
Show me
Knee: Why do you push down above before performing the patellar tap?
The suprapatellar bursa communicates with the knee joint
Knee: What are you palpating for at the back of the knee?
Baker’s cyst
Knee: What is the normal range of the knee?
0 degree in extension
135 degree in flexion
Shoulder: What features are you looking for in inspection?
Swelling, redness, scars, muscle wasting
Shoulder: What are the anatomical landmarks you are feeling palpation stage?
Sternoclavicular, clavicle, acromioclavicular, coracoid process, anterior gelnonumeral joint line, biceps tendon, spine of scapula, medial border to inferior pole
Shoulder: What is normal range of motion of the shoulder extension?
70 degrees
Shoulder: What is normal range of motion of the shoulder external rotation?
90 degrees
Shoulder: How far up the back should a normal person able to feel?
Lower border of the scapula T7
