Examination of a Path Patient Flashcards

1
Q

Why is clinical oral medicine and pathology important?

A

To :

  • recognise normal from abnormal
  • form a logical DDX
  • know what can be treated and what needs to be referred
  • be able to advise patient
  • be involved in treatment and management of pathologies
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2
Q

What is digital palpation?

A

Palpating using one finger

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3
Q

What is an example of digital palpation?

A

index finger inside the mandible to feel for tori

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4
Q

What is bidigital palpation?

A

Palpation using the finger and thumb of the same hand

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5
Q

What is an example of bidigital palpation?

A

Palpation of lips and cheeks

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6
Q

What is bimanual palpation?

A

Palpation where the fingers and thumb of each hand is used simultaneously

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7
Q

What is an example of bimanual palpation?

A

Index finger on the floor of mouth while finger of other hand presses on the same place outside

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8
Q

What is bilateral palpation?

A

Palpation where both hands are used at the same time, on corresponding structures on opposite sides of the body

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9
Q

What is an example of bilateral palpation?

A

Fingers feeling submandibular glands on left and right at the same time, differentiate between left and right

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10
Q

If we palpate the lymph nodes and they feel

  • soft
  • tender
  • movable

What is the most likely aetiology?

A

Acute Infection or Inflammation

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11
Q

If we palpate the lymph node and it feels

  • hard
  • non-tender
  • movable or fixed

What is the most likely aetiology?

A

Malignancy or chronic infection

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12
Q

What types of biopsies do we get?

A
  1. Incisional Biopsy
  2. Excisional Biopsy
  3. Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy
  4. Core Needle Biopsy
  5. Smear Biopsy
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13
Q

What is an incisional biopsy?

A

A biopsy in which only a part of the lesion is removed

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14
Q

What is an excisional biopsy?

A

A biopsy in which the complete lesion is removed

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15
Q

What is a fine needle biopsy?

A

A biopsy in which a thin needle is inserted into an area of abnormal appearing tissue or body fluid

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16
Q

What is a core needle biopsy?

A

A core needle biopsy is a biopsy performed using a long hollow tube (needle) to obtain a sample of tissue

17
Q

What is needed to perform a smear biopsy?

A
  • PPE
  • Pencil
  • Clean microscope
  • Paper towel
  • Wooden spatula
  • Request form
18
Q

How do we submit a biopsy to the lab?

A
  • In formalin
  • In a clearly labelled specimen container
  • With a filled in histo-pathology request form
19
Q

Which special investigations can we perform to reach a diagnosis?

A
  • Blood tests (Blood)
  • Microbiology (Tissue + Cultures)
  • Histology (Cells and Stains)
20
Q

What are the categories of blood tests we can perform?

A
  • Biochemistry
  • Hematology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology / Serology
21
Q

What are the categories of histology we can request?

A
  • Cytology (cells)
  • Histopathology (routine stains)
  • Histochemistry (special stains)
  • Immuno-histochemistry
  • Direct immuno-fluorescence
22
Q

Why do we need to follow up and monitor our patient?

A

To

  • address any concerns
  • evaluate disease progression
  • evaluate response to treatment
  • evaluate for any side effects