Examination of a Path Patient Flashcards
Why is clinical oral medicine and pathology important?
To :
- recognise normal from abnormal
- form a logical DDX
- know what can be treated and what needs to be referred
- be able to advise patient
- be involved in treatment and management of pathologies
What is digital palpation?
Palpating using one finger
What is an example of digital palpation?
index finger inside the mandible to feel for tori
What is bidigital palpation?
Palpation using the finger and thumb of the same hand
What is an example of bidigital palpation?
Palpation of lips and cheeks
What is bimanual palpation?
Palpation where the fingers and thumb of each hand is used simultaneously
What is an example of bimanual palpation?
Index finger on the floor of mouth while finger of other hand presses on the same place outside
What is bilateral palpation?
Palpation where both hands are used at the same time, on corresponding structures on opposite sides of the body
What is an example of bilateral palpation?
Fingers feeling submandibular glands on left and right at the same time, differentiate between left and right
If we palpate the lymph nodes and they feel
- soft
- tender
- movable
What is the most likely aetiology?
Acute Infection or Inflammation
If we palpate the lymph node and it feels
- hard
- non-tender
- movable or fixed
What is the most likely aetiology?
Malignancy or chronic infection
What types of biopsies do we get?
- Incisional Biopsy
- Excisional Biopsy
- Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy
- Core Needle Biopsy
- Smear Biopsy
What is an incisional biopsy?
A biopsy in which only a part of the lesion is removed
What is an excisional biopsy?
A biopsy in which the complete lesion is removed
What is a fine needle biopsy?
A biopsy in which a thin needle is inserted into an area of abnormal appearing tissue or body fluid
What is a core needle biopsy?
A core needle biopsy is a biopsy performed using a long hollow tube (needle) to obtain a sample of tissue
What is needed to perform a smear biopsy?
- PPE
- Pencil
- Clean microscope
- Paper towel
- Wooden spatula
- Request form
How do we submit a biopsy to the lab?
- In formalin
- In a clearly labelled specimen container
- With a filled in histo-pathology request form
Which special investigations can we perform to reach a diagnosis?
- Blood tests (Blood)
- Microbiology (Tissue + Cultures)
- Histology (Cells and Stains)
What are the categories of blood tests we can perform?
- Biochemistry
- Hematology
- Microbiology
- Immunology / Serology
What are the categories of histology we can request?
- Cytology (cells)
- Histopathology (routine stains)
- Histochemistry (special stains)
- Immuno-histochemistry
- Direct immuno-fluorescence
Why do we need to follow up and monitor our patient?
To
- address any concerns
- evaluate disease progression
- evaluate response to treatment
- evaluate for any side effects
