Examination

Question 1

Ophthalmoscopy: Large aperture

Answer 1

Standard use

Question 2

Ophthalmoscopy: small aperture

Answer 2

Macular area
< Corneal reflex
> Pupil size

Question 3

Ophthalmoscopy: Target

Answer 3

Locate foveola

Question 4

Ophthalmoscopy: Slit lamp

Answer 4

Elevation of fundus lesion

Clarity of anterior media

Question 5

Ophthalmoscopy: Cobalt blue filter

Answer 5

Fluorescein staining

Question 6

Ophthalmoscopy: Red-free filter

Answer 6

Haemorrhages

Microaneurysms

Question 7

Ophthalmoscopy: 400 degrees K color temperature filter

Answer 7

Color representation

Lover intensity illumination

Question 8

Ophthalmoscopy: Polarising filter

Answer 8

< Corneal reflex

Question 9

Ophthalmoscopy: Decrease corneal reflex

Answer 9

Darken room 
Tilt ophthalmoscope slightly
Polarising filter
Small aperture
Direct light beam through edge of pupil

Question 10

History 5 questions

Answer 10

1. Visual disturbance
2. Visual discomfort
3. Photophobia
4. Discharge
5. Eyelids stick in mornings

Question 11

Flashes of light

Answer 11

Retinal traction and detachement

Question 12

< VA

Answer 12

Refractive error or visual systemic disease

Question 13

< VF

Answer 13

Retinal or neuronal abnormality

Question 14

Coloured halos around light

Answer 14

Corneal oedema

> ICP

Question 15

Diplopia

Answer 15

Strabismus

Question 16

Discharges

Answer 16

Mucus: Allergy
Water: Anterior uveitits, gluacoma, lacrimal drainage abnormality
Puss: Infection

Question 17

Exam sequence

Answer 17

History
VA
VF
Pupils
Motility and alignment
Anterir uveitits

Inspection
Eclipse test
Ophthalmoscopy

Palpation
Tanometry
Lid eversion
Corneal sensation

Question 18

VA: Pre-schooler

Answer 18

0-3m: Responds to light and mothers face
3m-2yr: Fix and follows, objects occlusion
2-6yr: 100 & 1000s, ID tests, orientation tests

Question 19

VA

meters/number on chart

Answer 19

Snellen chart
Counting finger
Hand mvements
Light perception

Question 20

Anterior uveitis test

Answer 20

1. Consensual light reflex
2. Accommodation test
3. Kerititis vs uveitis: cornea clear in AU

Question 21

Positive eclipse test

Answer 21

Half of iris light

iris diaphram bulges forward–> anterior chamber shallow

Question 22

Eclipe test goal

Answer 22

1. Can dilate or not
2. risk acute angle glaucoma
3. dx acute angle glaucoma attack

Question 23

Red reflex def

Answer 23

Reflection of light on choriocapillaries

Question 24

Abnormal red reflex

Answer 24

1. Medial opacities
2. Retinal detachment
3. Choroid/RPE abnormality

Question 25

Position of opacities methods

Answer 25

1. Parallax:
   - Move oposite direction than you: infront of pupil
   - Move same direction as you: Behind pupil
   - Does not move: In pupil plane
2. Focal
   - +20-+10: Anterior chamber
   - +10: Iris lens diaphram
   - +10-0:vitreos humour to retina

Question 26

Examine fundus

Answer 26

1. optic disc: margin cup colour vv pulsation
2. vascular arcades: uniformity colour crossings diameter
3. retina
4. macula
5. Foveola: look into light, target appature

Question 27

How to find optic disc

Answer 27

White spot

Question 28

How to find macula

Answer 28

Temporal disc margin–> move 2.5 disc margins temporally and inferiorly

Question 29

How to find foveola

Answer 29

Patient look into light, target appature