Examination Flashcards
What features are associated with a leptoprosopic profile / dolichocephalic?
- Long face
- Divergent (looking from lateral face appears to diverge towards anterior)
- Vertical maxillary excess (excess vertical growth of maxilla)
- Skeletal open bite–> vertical maxillary excess causes mandible to be located downwards and back (backwards rotation)
- Greater lower facial third height
What features are related to a euryprosopic/brachycephalic profile?
- Short face
- Deep bite tendancy
- Convergent
- Shorter lower facial third height
What is the general acceptibility range for asymmetry?
-no greater tahn 2mm
How should symmetry be assessed?
Interpupillary line parallel with horizontal plane
Vertical line through chin passes through dental midline and through tip of nose
What can be a cause of facial size asymmetry between right and left sides in teenagers?
Not growing at same rate, can resolve over time
What is the prevalence of prognathic mandibualr being cause of class II
15-20%
What type of facial profile is a class II person likely to have?
Convex
What type of facial profile is a class III person likely to have?
Concave
Does the dental pattern angle’s classification always reflect the skeletal angle’s classification? Why?
No, due to ability of dento-alveolar apparatus to adapt
What type of facial profile is a class I person likely to have?
Class I
What determines the nasolabial angle?
Size + shape of nose
Position of upper lip
What is the normal value of the nasolabial angle?
100-105 degrees
What is the normal length of the lip?
18-22mm from subnasale to lowest point of upper lip
What happens with incisor display with age?
-Start showing less upper incisor and more lower incisor mainly due to lack of elasticity in tissues
What are some options for correcting lip-related problems/
Correct overjet (via appliances and eliminating habits) Correct the facial height Promote nasal function (ENT surgery, etc.) Lip exercises (to emphasise seal) Lip lengthening (not often done as unpredictable result), cheiloplasty, freeing mentalis atachment
In what class can lip exercises be esepcially advantagous?
Class II
What are some options for treating tongue issues
Patient education and awareness of tongue
Myofunctional modification (speech therapy, desensitisation)
Barriers (use appliances to block tongue movements)
Change form (dental arch sahpe and occlusion)
What can cheeks influence in the oral cavity?
- Usually don’t cause much on their own
- However internal forces mismatched can cause:
- Adaptive mouth breathing
- Narrow Mx arch
- Low tongue position (anterior open bite)
What are some management options for cheek problems?
- Investigate mouth breathing
- Apply expansion if necessary (removable or fixed appliances; slow (SME) or rapid (RME) rate)
- Surgical management (if adult)
What are some issues with adenoid problems?
Prevent nose breathing
How can adenoid problems be treated?
Surgery (lymphoidectomy, tonsilectomy, adenoidectomy)
What treatments can be taken in phase I (early/deciduous + mixed dentition phase)
Prevention:
Prevention (maintain normal development)
Prevent problems occur
Interception:
Intercept problems that have already occurred
What treatment can be done in phase II treatment (adolescent phase)
Prevention
Interception
Correction
- Mainly orthodontic but some orthopedic
- Skeletal imbalance may require camouflage or surgical
What treatment can be done in the adult phase?
Correction
-Mainly treating tilted teeth and may be compromised by history
