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examguru Flashcards

1
Q

Tuberous Sclerosis classic findings

A

rhabdomyomas of the heart during intrauterine/neonatal period, ash leaf macules (hypopigmented lesions present at birth- but often unrecognized), neurologic findings in early childhood (autism, epilepsy, developmental delay), angiofibromas/shagreen patches in childhood

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2
Q

CT or MRI Brain findings in Tuberous sclerosis

A

tubers, subependymal nodules, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas

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3
Q

axillary freckling is associated with what genetic disorder?

A

neurofibromatosis 1

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4
Q

Brushfield spots of the iris are associated with what disorder?

A

Downs Syndrome

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5
Q

Coloboma (misshaped iris) is associated with what disorder?

A

CHARGE syndrome AND trisomy 13

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6
Q

A unilateral port wine lesion is seen in what disorder?

A

Sturge-Weber Syndrome (lesion usually follows path of trigeminal nerve)

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7
Q

What is the most commonly affected artery in peripheral artery disease?

A

superficial femoral artery

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8
Q

What type of heart conditions require antibiotics before dental procedures?

A

prosthetic heart valves, previous endocarditis, complex unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart disease, L-to-R shunts, repaired congenital heart defects with residual defects, repaired congenital heart defects w/in 6 months, cardiac transplant (if valvulopathy develops)

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9
Q

What is the purpose of an intraaortic balloon pump?

A

temporary device in cardiogenic shock to decrease afterload (also increases myocardial oxygen supply)

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10
Q

What cardiac biomarker rises first in ischemia?

A

myoglobin (rises 1 hr later, peaks at 6, back to normal in 1 day)

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11
Q

What is the timeline for CK-MB?

A

rises 4-6hrs onset of CP, peaks at 1 day, returns to normal in 2-3 days

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12
Q

What is the timeline for troponin?

A

begins to rise in 2-6 hours, peaks at 2 days, returns to normal in 4-10 days (T in 10-14 days, I in 7-10 days)

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13
Q

What medication is FDA approved for osteoarthritis of the knee in patients that cannot have NSAIDs?

A

duloxetine

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14
Q

What is the first step in management of stable SVT?

A

adenosine

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15
Q

What is the first step in management of unstable SVT?

A

synchronized electrical cardioversion

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16
Q

what are the Hs in cardiac arrest?

A

hypovolemia, hypoxia, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hydrogen ions (acidosis), hypoglycemia, hypothermia

17
Q

what are the Ts in cardiac arrest

A

toxins, tamponade (cardiac), tension pneumothorax, thrombosis (MI or PE)

18
Q

What is Beck’s triad?

A

JVD, hypotension, and distant heart sounds, indicative of pericardial tamponade

19
Q

Neonatal lupus erythematous is associated with what cardiac condition?

A

third degree heart block

20
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of neonatal lupus erythematous?

A

third degree heart block, hepatomegaly, elevated LFTs, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia (at 1-2 weeks), rash (at 4-6 weeks, secondary to UV light)

21
Q

What heart sound is suggestive of an ASD?

A

a fixed split S2

22
Q

What are the guidelines for fasting bloodwork?

A

No food, drink, exercise, or smoking in preceding 12 hours. No alcohol in preceding 24 hours.

23
Q

What causes type 2 second degree heart block?

A

conduction disturbance distal to AV node, most often in His-Purkinje system

24
Q

When is amiodarone used in cardiac arrest?

A

VF and pulseless VT on pulse check between epi doses

25
Q

treatment for acute delerium

A

haloperidol

26
Q

first line treatment for tourette’s?

A

aripiprazole IRL, often haldol or pimozide on exam b/c they are FDA approved

27
Q

MOA of aripiprazole

A

partial agonist at D2 receptor

28
Q

What receptors do hallucinogens bind to?

A

serotonin (5-HT2A)

29
Q

Cotard Syndrome

A

delusional syndrome in which individual believes one’s own body or body parts are dead or dying; may expand to the world being not real; most commonly seen in schizophrenia or depression; chronic is associated with dementia

30
Q

Capgras Syndrome

A

familiar person/relative has been replaced by an imposter who shares the same appearance; most commonly in schizophrenia

31
Q

Fregoli Syndrome

A

belief that several different people/strangers are actually one person, usually a familiar individual or persecutor, who is in disguise or can change their appearance; often paranoid

32
Q

treatment for schizoid personality disorder

A

NOT CBT/DBT like others, share dx and make lifestyle modifications

33
Q

How do you treat a woman with bipolar stable on lithium when she wants to or gets pregnant?

A

continue lithium at same dose; risk of relapse is worse than teratogenicity

34
Q

bipolar woman starting treatment during pregnancy gets?

A

Lamotrigine

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