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COMP 291 System Design & Analysis > Examen 3 > Flashcards

Examen 3 Flashcards

1
Q

User Interface (UI)

A

Describes how users interact with a computer system, and consists of all the hardware, software, screens, menus, functions, output, and features that affect two-way communications between the user and the computer.

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2
Q

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

A

Describes the relationship between computers and the people who use them to perform their jobs.

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3
Q

7 Habits of Successful Interface Designers

A
  1. Understand the business.
  2. Maximize graphical effectiveness.
  3. Think like a user.
  4. Use models and prototypes.
  5. Focus on usability.
  6. Invite feedback.
  7. Document everything.
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4
Q

Guidelines for User Interface Design

A
  1. Create an interface that’s easy to learn and use.
  2. Enhance user productivity.
  3. Provide users with help and feedback.
  4. Create an attractive layout and design.
  5. Enhance the Interface.
  6. Use validation rules.
  7. Reduce input volume.
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5
Q

Data Structure

A

Framework for organizing, storing, and managing data. Consists of files or tables that interact in various ways.

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6
Q

Database Management System (DBMS)

A

Is a collection of tools, features and interfaces that enables users to add, update, manage, access and analyze data.

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7
Q

DBMS Advantages

A
  1. Scalability: system can be expanded, modified or downsized easily.
  2. Economy of scale: more powerful servers, less expensive processing.
  3. Enterprise-wide application
  4. Stronger standards
  5. Better security
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8
Q

DBMS Components

A
  1. Interfaces for users, database administrators, and related systems.
  2. Schema
  3. Physical Data Repository
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9
Q

Interfaces for users

A

Typically work with predefined queries and switchboard commands, but also use query languages to access stored data.

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10
Q

Database Administrators

A

DBAs are concerned with data security and integrity. Most DBMSs provide utility programs to assist the DBA in
a. Creating and updating data structures.
b. Collecting and reporting patterns of database usage.
c. Detecting and reporting database irregularities.

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11
Q

Related Information Systems

A

DBMS can support several related information systems that provide input to, and require specific data from, the DBMS.

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12
Q

Schema

A

The complete definition of a database, including descriptions of all fields, tables, and relationships.

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13
Q

Physical Data Repository

A

The data dictionary is transformed into a physical data repository, which also contains the schema and subschemas. May be centralized or distributed at several locations.

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14
Q

Entity

A

Person, place, thing, or event for which data is collected and maintained.

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15
Q

Table or File

A

Contains a set of related records that store data about a specific entity, and consists of vertical columns and horizontal rows, each column representing a field, each row a record.

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16
Q

Field

A

Also called an attribute, is a single characteristic or fact about an entity.

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17
Q

Record

A

Set of related fields that describes one instance, or occurrence, of an entity.

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18
Q

Primary Key

A

Field or combination of fields that uniquely and minimally identifies a particular member of an entity.

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19
Q

Candidate Key

A

A field that can serve as a primary key. Typically, the field with least amount of data is selected.

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20
Q

Foreign Key

A

A field in one table that must match a primary key value in another table to establish a relationship between the two tables.

21
Q

Referential Integrity

A

Set of rules that avoids data inconsistency and quality problems. In relational database, referential integrity means that a foreign key value cannot be entered in one table unless it matches an existing primary key in another table.

22
Q

Entity-Relationship Diagrams

A

Model that shows the logical relationships and interaction among system entities. Represents entities as rectangles and relationships as diamond shapes.

23
Q

Types of relationships

A

a. One to one (1:1)
b. One to many (1:M)
c. Many to many (M:N)

24
Q

Cardinality

A

Describes the numeric relationship between two entities and shows how instances of one entity relate to instances of another entity.

25
Normalization
The process of creating table designs by assigning specific fields or attributes to each table in the database.
26
Repeating Group
Analyst must be able to recognize a repeating group of fields. It is a set of one or more fields that can occur any number of times in a single record. A table design that contains a repeating group is called unnormalized.
27
Unnormalized
Table design that contains a repeating group.
28
First Normal Form (1NF)
A table is in its normal form if it does not contain a repeating group.
29
Second Normal Form (2NF)
A table is in second normal form if it is in 1NF and if all fields that are not part of the primary key are functionally dependent on the entire primary key.
30
Third Normal Form (3NF)
A table design is in 3NF if it is in 2NF and no non-key field is dependent on another non-key field. It avoids redundancy and data integrity problems that still can exist in 2NF designs.
31
Software Quality Assurance
Main objective of QA is to avoid problems, or identify them as soon as possible.
32
5 technical activity areas
1. Requirements 2. Design 3. Construction 4. Testing 5. Maintenance and Evolution
33
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Establishes internationally recognized quality standards for products and services.
34
Application Development
Process of constructing the programs and code modules that serve as the building blocks of the information system.
35
System Development Tools
1. Entity-Related Diagrams (ERD) – Show interaction among system entities and objects 2. Flowcharts – represent logical rules and interactions graphically 3. Pseudocode – helps describe program actions that can be implemented in any programming language 4. Decision tables and decision trees
36
Coding
The process of turning program logic into specific instructions that the computer can execute.
37
Testing the System
Each program is tested to ensure that it functions correctly.
38
Unit Testing
1. Testing of an individual program or module. 2. Aims to identify and eliminate execution and logic errors. 3. Test data should contain both accurate and erroneous data.
39
Integration Testing
Testing two or more programs that depend on each other to make sure that the programs work together properly.
40
System Testing
1. Perform a final test of all programs. 2. Verify the system will handle all data properly 3. Demonstrate that users can interact with the system successfully
41
Documentation
Program documentation describes an information system and helps the users, managers, and IT staff who must interact with it.
42
System Documentation
Describes the system’s functions and how they are implemented.
43
Operations Documentation
For centralized operations involving mainframe or centralized servers.
44
User Documentation
Consists of instructions and information for users who will interact with the system.
45
Online Documentation
Provides immediate help 1. Context-sensitive help screens 2. Hints and tips 3. Hypertext 4. On-screen demos
46
Training Plan
1. Identify who should receive training and what training is required. 2. Main groups for training a. Users b. Managers c. IT Staff
47
Training Tips
1. Train people in groups, with separate training programs for distinct groups. 2. Select the most effective place to conduct the training. 3. Provide for learning by hearing, seeing, and doing. 4. Interactive Training: Effective training is interactive, self-paced, and multimedia-based.
48
Help Desks
Centralized resource staffed by IT professionals who provide users with the support they need to do their jobs.
49
Maintenance Tasks
1. Corrective Maintenance – performed to fix errors. 2. Adaptive Maintenance – adds new capabilities and enhancements. 3. Perfective Maintenance – improves efficiency. 4. Preventive Maintenance – reduces possibility of future system failure.

COMP 291 System Design & Analysis (2 decks)

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