Examen 1: Cap 9 Y 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Statistics?

A

La colección, análisis, interpretación y presentación de datos numéricos. Recopila, agrupa y presenta esta información para la toma de decisiones.

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2
Q

What is a Population?

A

Colección de personas, objetos o cosas bajo un conjunto completo conocido como universo.

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3
Q

What is a Census?

A

Estudio de población como conjunto completo.

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4
Q

What is a Parameter?

A

Medida o característica de una población calculada usando toda la data de esta.

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5
Q

What is a Subpopulation (Muestra)?

A

Subconjunto de la población, que representa justamente a esta.

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6
Q

What is a Sampling Distribution?

A

Distribución de probabilidad de un estadístico calculado en una muestra aleatoria.

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7
Q

What are Descriptive Statistics?

A

Rama de Estadísticas que organiza, presenta y describe datos.

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8
Q

What are Inferential Statistics?

A

Rama de Estadísticas que involucra hacer conclusiones o inferencias de una población basado en una muestra de esa población.

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9
Q

What is a Statistic?

A

Dato o hecho de una data muestral.

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10
Q

What is the Mean?

A

Promedio familiar de un conjunto de datos de muestra.

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11
Q

What is a sample proportion?

A

A 1sample proportion refers to the proportion of a particular outcome in a single sample drawn from a population.

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12
Q

True or False: A random variable can take on values between individual samples and 90.

A

True.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: A sample proportion is calculated as the number of successes divided by the _______.

A

total number of trials.

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14
Q

What does the term ‘random variable’ mean in statistics?

A

A random variable is a variable whose possible values are numerical outcomes of a random phenomenon.

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15
Q

What is the range of a sample proportion?

A

The range of a sample proportion is between 0 and 1.

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16
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a key characteristic of a simple random sample? A) All individuals have an equal chance of being selected B) Only certain individuals are selected C) The sample is biased D) None of the above

A

A) All individuals have an equal chance of being selected.

17
Q

What is the significance of the number 90 in the context of sample proportions?

A

The number 90 may refer to a specific threshold or limit in the context of the proportion being measured.

18
Q

True or False: Sample proportions can only take on integer values.

19
Q

What is the formula for calculating a sample proportion?

A

Sample proportion = (number of successes) / (total number of trials).

20
Q

Fill in the blank: The variable that represents the sample proportion is typically denoted as _______.

A

p-hat (p̂).

21
Q

What is the purpose of calculating sample proportions in statistics?

A

To estimate the proportion of a certain characteristic in a larger population based on a sample.

22
Q

Multiple choice: Which statistical method is commonly used to analyze sample proportions? A) Regression Analysis B) T-test C) Chi-square test D) ANOVA

A

C) Chi-square test.

23
Q

True or False: A sample proportion can be used to make inferences about a population proportion.

24
Q

What is the maximum value a sample proportion can achieve?

A

1 (or 100%).

25
Q

What does it mean if a sample proportion is significantly different from a hypothesized population proportion?

A

It may indicate that the sample does not represent the population well or that there is a real difference in proportions.

26
Q

Valor esperado

A

Media a largo plazo esperada

27
Q

Marco de Referencia

A

Recopila antecedentes de un tema de estudio

28
Q

SIMPLE SAMPLING

A

Metodo de muestreo al azar donde cada part e de una pobblacio tiene la misma probabilidad de ser seleccionada

29
Q

Sampling Error

A

Cuando el estadistico computado de la muestra difere del parametro poblacional

30
Q

Muestreo estratificado

A

POoblacion divididaa n subgrupos o strata ddonde muestas aaleatorias son seleccionadas de cada subgrupo con tamanos de emuestra proporcionales a tamano del strata en la poblacion

31
Q

Muestreo sistematico

A

CADA N0 MIEMBRO DE LA POBLACION ES SELECCIONADO PARA ESTAR EN LA MUESTRA

32
Q

Muestreo sistematico

A

CADA N0 MIEMBRO DE LA POBLACION ES SELECCIONADO PARA ESTAR EN LA MUESTRA

33
Q

Cluster or Area sampling

A

Poblacion dividida en clusters o subgrupos, y uno de estos sets es escogido para estar en la muestra

34
Q

Teorema de Limite Central

A

Bajo condicines apropiadas, la distribucion de una version normalizada de la media de la muetra se transforma en una distribucion estandar ormal. ESTUDIA la suma de variables aleatorias, asegurando su convergencia.