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Stomatology > Exame > Flashcards

Exame Flashcards

1
Q

Materia alba

A

Accumulation or aggregation of micro organisms, desquamated epithelial cells, blood cells and food debris loosely adherent to surfaces of plaques, teeth, gingiva or dental appliances

Can be reservoir of pathogen

(Or all incorrect)

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2
Q

Parts of removable dentures (not bridges) are

A

Connector

Clasp

Retainer

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3
Q

Stephon’s curve

A

Allows visualisation of changes in oral pH (decrease in pH) after consumption of different types of carbohydrates

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4
Q

Excessive bleeding after tooth extraction can be due to

A

Cancer chemotherapy

Coagulation defects

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5
Q

Which of these are anomalous teeth in shape

A

Hunghtison’s teeth

Dens confuses

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6
Q

What is a “crown”

A

Restorative appliance to substitute part of the destructed teeth

Fixed prosthetics

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7
Q

Infiltration anaesthesia

A

Trimecaine

Xylocaine

Articaine

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8
Q

What is a Pontic

A

Substitute of the tooth

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9
Q

Accompanied with relative high fever

A

herpes gingivostomatitis

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10
Q

What of the following are not mesenchymal tumours

A

Verruca

Adenoblastoma

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11
Q

Which factors affect more caries development

A

Frequency of sugar

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12
Q

What is angle class I

A

Normocclusion

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13
Q

What is the most cariogenic organisms in the mouth flora

A

Streptococcus mutant

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14
Q

What is a malignant epithelial tumour

A

Spinaloma

Basaloma

Adenocarcinoma

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15
Q

At what age do 1st premolar usually appear

A

10 years

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16
Q

At what age do temporary teeth erupts

A

6 months

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17
Q

Fluoride

A

According to WHO they are good for the prevention of the caries

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18
Q

Two molar roots

A

2nd lower molars

1st lower molars

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19
Q

Epulis

A

Inflammatory changes

Hormonal changes

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20
Q

Diffuse channel

A

Pores in enamel

Hormonal changes

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21
Q

Why dentures are required

A

Eating

Speaking

Facial expression

Appearance

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22
Q

By aphtae are not affected

A

Hard palate

Gingival margins

Dorsum of the tongue

Vermillion zone

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23
Q

Which disease has high risk of pathological bleeding

A

DH

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24
Q

Which wounds in the face can be treated with primary suture

A

Non penetrating wounds

Superficial injuries

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25
Q

If a tooth is totally displaced from its socked

A

Must be kept in a wet place to reclaim its humidity during transportation

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26
Q

The 1st permanent central incisors erupt usually at

A

7 years old

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27
Q

Causes of purulent inflammation of oral cavity and face are

A

Teeth with gangrenous pulp, root and root fragments

Inflammation of cyst

Fractures and facial injuries

Pericoronities

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28
Q

Sign of Vincent

A

Anaesthesia or pars thesis of lower lip

Caused by pressure or inflammation or tumour in mandible channel

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29
Q

Precancerous lesions in oral cavity

A

Can be caused by irritation and chronic inflammation

Create a certain predisposition to cancer

Are also cheilitis actinica, keratoma senile, Cornu cutaneum

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30
Q

The 1st permanent molar erupts

A

6 years

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31
Q

Best material for fissure sealing is

A

Silver amalgam

Liquid, light-eating composite material

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32
Q

Recommend daily number of NaF tablets for child >4 is

A

4 tablets

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33
Q

Recommended daily number of NaF tablets for a child >4 years is

A

1 tablet

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34
Q

Dental calculus

A

Provides a fixed nidus for accumulation of bacterial plaque

Holds the plaque against the gingiva

Formed due to the mineralisation of dental plaque

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35
Q

To make a resection of the apex of the dental root (with a small cytogranuloma around it) we use

A

Horizontal section

Portsch (cystectomy, endodontic treat)

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36
Q

Which type of projection do we use more at fracture of lower jaw

A

Orthopontonogram

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37
Q

The symbol/sign of mandibular right 1st premolar in debit system is

A

44

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38
Q

The symbol of temporary mandibular left 2nd incisor in the 2 digit system is

A

72

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39
Q

Temporary 1st molar usually erupts at

A

12 m

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40
Q

Long lasting fluoridation can lower dental caries

A

40 - 70%

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41
Q

Recommended content of F- drinking water (as a prevention of caries)

A

1 mg/l

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42
Q

The main 2 forms of periodontal disease are

A

Gingivitis

Periodontitis

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43
Q

Why dentures are necessary

A

To minimise the risk of caries by preventing food stagnation

Important feature of the face

Tongue and lips to form some of the sounds of the speech

Prevent lifting, rotation or even eruption of teeth

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44
Q

A partial denture is

A

Restoration, removable by the patient

Replace of natural teeth in mandible

Replace of natural teeth in maxilla

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45
Q

Immediate dentures

A

Denture constructed before teeth extraction

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46
Q

The 4 sorts of treatment of malignant tumours

A

Surgery

Radiation

Antineoplastic chemotherapy

Immunotherapy

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47
Q

Diplopoda and/or enophthalmos are a symptom of

A

Fracture of lower orbital wall and/or zygomaticomaxillary complex

“Blow out fracture” of the orbit

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48
Q

Excision of the wound in the face

A

Should not be performed

In some cases only when extremely destroyed tissues are present

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49
Q

Fracture of the root

A

in apical and middle 1/3 are able to repair themselves

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50
Q

Four clinical signs of inflammation

A

Pain - dolor

Redness -rubror

Temperature -calor

Mass - tumour

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51
Q

Osteomyelitis of the jaw

A

More often in mandible due to dense bone

In the suppurations inflammation of BH of bone

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52
Q

Which anaesthetic belong to mucosal/topical

A

Gingicaine

Tetracaine

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53
Q

If the patient is after MI/ pregnancy we are able to extract tooth or another operation

A

After 6 m

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54
Q

If we want to extract a too the risky patients

A

Sclerosis multiplex

DM

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55
Q

Symbol for permanent mandibular left 2nd incision in the 2 digit system

A

32

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56
Q

Benign mesenchymal tumour

A

Grow slowly and expansive

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57
Q

Mesenchymal tumour is not

A

By this method lower systemic effect -effects of chemo. agents

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58
Q

Premature loss of any tooth may cause

A

Gingival damage

Certain sibilance in speech

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59
Q

Partial dentures can be classified in

A

Tooth - born

Mucosa - born

Tooth - mucosa born

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60
Q

Leukoplakia is

A

Pre-malignancy of mucous mm

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61
Q

Translucent dentin which is produced by chronic irritation of caries is

A

Selenotic zone of dentin of bottom of caries cavity

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62
Q

Release of pain with acute apical periodontitis is achieved

A

By drainage of periapical space

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63
Q

Febrile system upset is characteristic clinical feature for

A

Herpetic gingivitis

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64
Q

Main histological features of white lesions are

A

Abnormal keratinisation

Variable hyper and hypoplasia of epithelium

Variable degree of disordered maturation of epithelium

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65
Q

Function of dental pulp

A

Sensitivity

Nutrition

Defence

Dentiogenesis

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66
Q

Main cause of periodontal disease

A

Dental microbial plaque

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67
Q

Temporary cavities usually except at

A

16 months

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68
Q

Name of pulp cells responsible for denteogenesis

A

Odontoblasts

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69
Q

Radiographic examination is necessary in diagnosing

A

Deep caries

Pulpitis

Apical periodontitis

Cyst

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70
Q

LeFort picture

A

Lower sub-zygomatic fracture

Upper sub-zygomatic fracture

Supra-zygomatic fracture

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71
Q

In bleeding of cheeks which vessels should be ligate

A

Facial artery

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72
Q

Sutures for deep layers of wound

A

Catgut

Vicryl

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73
Q

Treatment for partial dislocation (subluxation)

A

Teeth should be reduced to normal position and fixed with plastic materials/casts to the surrounding teeth

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74
Q

Secondary dentin

A

Formed after eruption of teeth

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75
Q

Most common treatment for abscess in face

A

Incision and drainage

ATB therapy

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76
Q

What should be done first to a patient

A

Restore cardiac and breathing function

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77
Q

What can we see in radio-diagnostic methods in facial fractures

A

Asymmetry of face

Bone fragments overlapping causing “double-density”

Cortical defect or diastolic entire

Non an atomic linear lucencies

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78
Q

What are the indirect radiographic signs of facial fractures

A

ST swelling

Peri-orbital or intracranial air

Fluid in paranasal sinus

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79
Q

Meanings

A

Saddler: in kennedy’s classification- partial removable denture

Retainer - in bridges - fixed partial and removable partial

Pontic: only in bridges (fixed partial)

Connector: fixed partial + removable partial

Abutment : fixed partial

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80
Q

How can microbes reach the pulp

A

Dentine tubules

Pulp exposure

Apical foramen

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81
Q

Fur is partial missing in

A

Atrophy of filiform papillae

Psoriasis

Geographic tongue

Scarlet fever

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82
Q

Fur is diminished in

A

Vit B deficiency

Iron deficiency

Toxic allergy

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83
Q

Blow out fracture

A

Fracture of orbital floor

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84
Q

Fixed partial dentures consist of

A

Retainer

Connector

Pontic

Abutment

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85
Q

We need to suture after both extraction patients with

A

DM

HT

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86
Q

Most remarkable entry of microbes into pulp is by

A

Dental caries

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87
Q

Nerve is sensitive by which disease

A

Herpes zoster

Herpes simplex

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88
Q

Gingivitis is due to

A

Sugar intake

Malnutrition during pregnancy

Frequency of sugar

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89
Q

Dissociation of enamel

A

pH = 5.2

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90
Q

Angular stomatitis

A

Iron deficiency

Vitamin B deficiency

Candida albicans

Staphylococcus aureus

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91
Q

Smooth tongue

A

Atrophy papillae

Iron deficiency

Vitamin B deficiency

92
Q

Bein’s Elevator

A

Simple root extraction in maxilla and mandible

93
Q

Leclure’s elevator

A

For extraction of the 3rd molars

94
Q

Borry winter’s and schlemer’s elevator

A

Extraction of only mandible roots

95
Q

Most common cause of gingival bleeding

A

Poor hygiene

Vitamin C deficiency

96
Q

Treatment of orofacial inflammation

A

Invasion

Drainage

ATB

97
Q

What kind of anaesthesia is used in stomatology

A

Regional (nerve trunk)

Infiltration

Topical/mucosal

98
Q

Which projection in radiography is used for nasomaxillary fractures

A

Semi-axial or Wattern view

99
Q

Picture of dental forceps

A

Left molar dental forceps

100
Q

Fibroma

A

Dis tends the bone, disroots the teeth

Due to chronic mucosal irritation

101
Q

Mandibular fracture

A

Vincent’s sign

Facial nerve injury

Pain

Dental fractures

Facial/occlusal deformities

102
Q

Hairy leukoplakia occurs in

A

HIV patients

Immunosuppressed patients

103
Q

Amalgam is the best material for

A

Distal teeth

104
Q

The forceps can be

A

Curved

Straight

105
Q

Xerostomia occurs in

A

Sjögren’s syndrome

High radiation

Anti epileptic drugs

106
Q

Dentition deficits

A

Lower 3rd molar

107
Q

Radicular cyst treatment

A

Surgery (extraction, elevation)

108
Q

Lingual stomatitis

A

Due to iron deficiency

Plummer-Vinson disease

109
Q

If tongue is read

A

Lichen ruber planum -glossitis

110
Q

Drainage of abscess when

A

Cysts are present

111
Q

What can you get when you have gangrene

A

Cyst inflammation

Pulp inflammation / necrosis

112
Q

The forceps can be

A

Curved

Straight

113
Q

Xerostomia occurs in

A

Sjögren’s syndrome

High radiation

Anti epileptic drugs

114
Q

Dentition deficits

A

Lower 3rd molar

115
Q

Radicular cyst treatment

A

Surgery (extraction, elevation)

116
Q

Lingual stomatitis

A

Due to iron deficiency

Plummer-Vinson disease

117
Q

Radicular cyst

A

Hard tissue development of cyst

118
Q

How to diagnose tongue carcinoma

A

History, Biopsy

119
Q

Too the concussion

A

Sensitive to P and T changes

No pathological movement

120
Q

Saliva’s function are

A

Self cleaning teeth

Redimatization of initial caries in tooth surface

Maintains optimal pH in oral cavity by buffering its capacity

121
Q

What causes gingivostomatitis

A

HSV-1

122
Q

Dry gangrene

A

Complication of tooth extraction

Present in problems of coagulation

123
Q

The sizes of extra-oral x-Ray picture and often are

A

15-18cm

24-29 cm

124
Q

Pulp gangrene

A

Responds to hot stimulus

Symptoms pass

125
Q

Dry socket

A

Osteitis of socket following tooth removal, usually 2-4 days after extraction

Socket is inflamed and exposed bone is usually visible

Exocrine factor and regional lymphadenitis are present

Therapy: gently cleaning, irrigating and draining of socket for several days

126
Q

Most often x-Ray method used in dentistry

A

Extra oral

127
Q

Which one of the following is not apical disease:

A

Dental caries

128
Q

Name de 15th tooth

A

Deciduous right upper 2nd premolar

129
Q

Name 51st tooth

A

Deciduous right upper central incisor

130
Q

Name the different planes

A

Craniofacial III

Sub-zygomatic II

Trans-maxillary I

131
Q

What’s the following instrument and what is its use

A

Extraction forceps for lower molars (curved)

132
Q

Fibroma is

A

Small, localised, slightly raised nodule <10mm, typically occurring in vestibule

With smooth surface similar in colour to surrounding mucosa

Always asymptomatic

Microscopically hypo cellular fibrous tissue that doesn’t invade surrounding tissue

Excision is curative

133
Q

1 root teeth

A

Incisors

Canines

Lower premolars

Upper 2nd premolar

134
Q

2 root teeth

A

Lower molars

Upper 1st premolars

135
Q

3 root teeth

A

Upper molars

136
Q

Heimlich’s manouvre

A

Used after aspiration of tooth

137
Q

Valsalve’s examination after extraction of premolars and molars in upper jaw

A

Get patient to try to blow out again closed nose, if air bubbles pass through empty socket in to CC

If positive then closure of communication is possible with Buccaneers advancement flap

138
Q

What is trismus

A

Max physiological distance between incisors of upper and lower jaw is restricted

40-60mm is the normal amplitude

139
Q

What is an apical abscess

A

Acute inflammation of tooth socket with pus formation

Accompanied with pain, tenderness to enervation

Therapy:drainage of pus via root canal, incision of fluctuant abscess or extraction

140
Q

Causes of lymphadenitis

A

Common: dental abscess, pericoronitis, tonsillitis

Rare: TB, atypical myelobacteria, AIDS, toxoplasmosis, actinomycosis, sarcoidosis, cat scratch fever, syphilis

141
Q

What is cervicofacial actinomycosis

A

Caused by actinomyces israeli, usually SC forming chronic sinus with ours containing sulphur granule

Therapy: combined : penicillin + surgical

142
Q

What is an odontogenic fistula

A

Natural drainage of an abscess which perforated spontaneously mucosa or skin

143
Q

Enumerate some ST cysts in cornicofacial region

A

Mucoceles

Ranula

Neck cysts

Dermoid/epidermoid cysts

144
Q

Apicoectomy

A

Common surgical aid to endodontics

In LA: incision/elevation mucoperiosteal flap -> cystic and granulation tissue removed

Indicated when : teeth with infection due to apical cyst, roof perf. And fracture in apical 1/3, teeth with past crown and apical pathologies, when breaking in the root enamel

145
Q

What is sialadenitis

A

Inflammation of radiopaque stones with SG in most cases

Acute bacterial

Viral

Recurrent - mirbus player

146
Q

What is sialothiliasis

A

Formation of radiopaque stones within SG

147
Q

What is sialosis

A

Painless swelling of SG, mostly bilateral with low saliva

148
Q

What are dental implants

A

Alloplastic materials that can be incorporated into the jaw bone replacing natural teeth

Materials include: titanium, coated with hydroxyapatite, plasma-sprayed titanium inert and biocompatible material

Types: superiosteal, transosteal

149
Q

Gingival enlargement may occur in

A

Acute leukaemia

Side effect of drugs

150
Q

What is a true periodontal pocket

A

Space between gingiva and part of dental root covered with bone socket

151
Q

Enumerate tips and goal of periodontal surgery

A

Curative

Preventive

Cosmetic

152
Q

Explain zaigmondi system

A

┘upper right Q
└ upper left Q
┐lower right Q
┌ lower left Q

153
Q

Haderup system

A

More for maxillae

Less for mandible

154
Q

Mandible teeth

A

First to erupt in temporary dentition and in permanent dentition with exception of premolars

Subject of osteomyelitis and Subject to fractures

155
Q

Child should have

A

8 teeth by the end of the 1st year

16 teeth by the end of 2nd year

All temporary teeth erupted by 30 months

156
Q

Disorders of hard tissues include

A

Dental caries

Tooth wear

Developmental defects

Trauma

157
Q

Developmental debts may be

A

Acquired:

  • intrinsic factors: inf. Diseases, disruption of vital membranes, mineral metabolism, hormones metabolism
  • extrinsic factors: injury, infection
  • enamel disturb: hypoplasia, hypo-mineralisation
  • congenital syphilis
  • fluorosis
  • tetracycline teeth

Hereditary: tooth no, shape, size, structure

  • amelogenesis imperfecta
  • Dentiogenesis imperfecta
158
Q

What are ameloblasts

A

Special cells of dental pulp responsible for tooth development

159
Q

What is the meaning of “ring bone rule”

A

If you see a fracture or a dislocation in a ring bone or its equivalent, look for another fracture

160
Q

Sources of inflammation of pulp-pulpitis

A

Main source of various dentin

Less frequently apical foramen

Overheating during prosthetic crown perforation

Acute/chronic traumatic irritation of teeth

161
Q

Acute pulpitis

A

Reversible: sharp pain to irritation (stops when stimuli is removed)

Irreversible: intense T sensitivity, spontaneous pain, sensitive to P

Upper teeth: pain in temporal/frontal area

Lower teeth: ear and occipital areas

Treatment: pulpetomy (partial), pulpectomy (total), tooth extraction

162
Q

Chronic pulpitis

A

Chronic inflammation

Treatment depends on removing disease pulp and root canal killing

Clinical symptoms are very mild

163
Q

Necrosis gangrene

A

Consequence of irreversible pulpitis, traumatic injury, chemical injury

Penetration of microorganisms with dry necrosis

No response to cold stimulus

Pain in hot stimulus

Colour change to grey

Usually asymptomatic

164
Q

Microbes penetrate into necrotic pulp through

A

Caries cavity

Apex

Blood stream

165
Q

Periapical lesion develops

A

Once the pulp dies (infection through the periodontium)

Acute apical periodontitis

Chronic apical periodontitis

Chronic apical periodontitis with acute symptom

Apical cyst

166
Q

Chronic apical periodontitis

A

Typical formation of granulation tissue in periapical area

Larger abscesses present

Diffuse process on x-Ray or localised

Pain is not a feature, unless it changes into an acute process

Treatment

  • conservative: endodontic root canal; surgical resection of tooth apex and curettage of granulation tissue
  • surgical: extraction
167
Q

Morphology of caries process

A

Earliest clinical evidence: white spot lesions

Continued acid attack: Enamel change from smooth and cavitation

When reaches dentin enamel function

As destruction approaches pulp

168
Q

Positive complication of deep caries

A

Pulpitis

Necrosis gangrene

Periodontitis

Osteitis

Periostitis

Abscess formation

169
Q

Changes between natural and artificial teeth

A

Natural : firmly rooted

Artificial : rest on alveolar ridges

170
Q

The prosthesis should

A

Contribute to mastication

Increase ability of patient to enumerate

Restore and preserve contacts between abutment and approximating teeth

Maintain position of opposite teeth and health of supporting structures

171
Q

Advantage of bridges

A

Don’t require support from mucosa

Only occupy same space as natural teeth

Withstand greater masticatory loads than dentures

Patients not aware of them

Bridge in situ for 24h

172
Q

Disadvantages of bridges

A

Confined to short spans bounded by healthy teeth

Time consuming contraction require great precision

Not easily cleared since they are fixed

If damage repair is costly

173
Q

What is Kennedy classification

A

Classification of partial denture based on the relationship of saddles to natural teeth

I. Bilateral free-end saddles posterior to the natural teeth

II unilateral free-end posterior to the natural teeth

III abounded unilateral having natural teeth at each end

IV a banded saddle anterior to the natural teeth

174
Q

Enumerate disadvantages of partial dentures

A

Can cause caries and gingivitis

Can damage supporting tissues of teeth by filling too closely into gingival crevices

May loosen natural teeth by leakage

Can cause traumatic damage to the mucosa

175
Q

Enumerate advantages of partial dentures

A

Can be constructed for any case

Cheaper

More easily cleared

More easily repaired

Don’t involve normally much preparation of natural teeth

176
Q

Meaning of edentulous

A

When someone looses all his teeth

177
Q

Concerning cleft palate

A

Basic problem: inability to close at will nasopharynx from oral pharynx

Treatment combined with plastic surgeon and orthodontist and speech therapist

178
Q

Classification of dental abnormalities

A

Dental: position, number, site, shape

Bite

Dental arches

Skeleton

179
Q

Describe anomalies at position = posture of the teeth

A

Anomalous shift

Anomalous eruption (dytopia)

Rotation

Supra-occlusion

Intra-occlusion

Transposition

Impaction retention

180
Q

Anomalies in tooth number

A

Hyperdontia

Hypodontia

Anodontia

181
Q

Anomalies in tooth size

A

Macrodontia

Microdontia

182
Q

Anomalies of bite

A

Horizontal open bite

Vertical open bite

Deep bite

Closed bite

Reverse bite

Edge to edge bite

183
Q

The root movement is

A

A periodontal ligament phenomenon

Occur when: compressed PDL causes cellular changes into osteoclasts -> removed bone

184
Q

Orthodontic removable appliances

A

Active - more mechanical - orthodontic plates

Passive - functional - changes extent and direction of orofacial growth

Advantages: treat malocclusion in deciduous, mixed and early permanent dentition, possible to take off

Disadvantages: incompetence to produce precise control

185
Q

Orthodontic fixed appliances

A

Active arch wires: stainless steel, cobalt-chromium, nickel-titanium

Major advantage: precision of control of tooth movement (permanent dentition)

Disadvantages: need of excellent oral hygiene to prevent bacterial plaque and gingivitis

186
Q

Most common performed surgeries

A

Sagittarius split osteotomy of mandible

Le foret I osteotomy of maxilla

187
Q

Stability of osteotomy den by

A

Internal fixation

Wire fixation

188
Q

Midfacial osteotomy

A

Performed at the le fort I, II, III, in cleft lip and palate patients

Able to move and rotate maxilla in all directions

189
Q

Bimaxillary correction

A

Combination of mandibular and maxillary osteotomies

Indicated in almost 60% of all orthognathic surgeries

190
Q

CV complications expected in patients with

A

Ischemic HD

States of post MI

HT

Hyperthyroidism

191
Q

CV main risk

A

High supply of adrenaline

Heart rhythm disorders in digitalised patients

Attack of angina pectoris or MI

192
Q

Recommendations to avoid bleeding

A

Info about actual state of hemocoagulation -> max 1.5 INR

Treat postoperative wound by suture, weal, hemostatin, fibrin tissue, glues, anti-fibrotic

In hemodialysis patients -> surgical procedures carried in the day after dialysis

193
Q

Patients with enhanced ability to infect

A

After transplantation

Rheumatic arthritis

Multiple sclerosis

Inflamed bowel disease

DH

Hepatopathy/ nephropathy

AIDS

194
Q

Focal infection

A

Normally simple infection of dental origin

195
Q

Impaired wound healing

A

Typical in diabetics

Long-term corticosteroid therapy

Nutritional deficiency/cachexia

196
Q

Attack states happen in

A

Epilepsy

Glaucoma

Bronchial asthma

197
Q

Risk of transmission of viral infection

A

Highest in viral hepatitis (B, C) and HIV

198
Q

Oncologie patients present

A

Oral mucous manifestations

High risk of infection

High risk of post-extraction bleeding

When cachectic all surgeries are contraindicated

High curiosity

Low ability of wound healing

Danger of osteomyelitis development

199
Q

Initial threshold of dosage irradiation

A

50 Gy

200
Q

Concerning irradiation treatment patients

A

Extraction in areas of straight irradiation performed minimally 7-10 days before the onset of the radiotherapy

Avoid extract during radiotherapy

Only performed prosthodontic restoration after 3-4 m after radiotherapy was finished

Recommended not to wear removable dentures during radiotherapy

201
Q

Atypical facial pain

A

Continuos, deep, diffuse pain of variable intensity and severity with no obvious pathology

Mainly affects females 40-50 years

Treat:TCA

202
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Severe paroxysmal pain lasting seconds in 1 or > branches of the V nerve

Response to carbamazepine (diagnostic)

tt: peripheral injection of local anaesthesia solution: infraorbital, alveolar int. nerve block

Carbamazepine, phenytoin and baclofen

203
Q

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia

A

V neuralgia, triggered by swallowing, coughing and chewing

204
Q

Temporal arthritis

A

Vascular pain syndrome mainly in elderly: unilateral and/or jaw pain

Clinical affect any artery mainly temporal/occipital branches of ECA

Clinical symptom:thickened/ tender artery, low pulsation

High ESR, height C-reactive protein, temporal artery biopsy

tt: systemic steroids : high dose of prednisolone

205
Q

Cluster headache

A

Unilateral pain mainly in ocular, frontal and temporal regions

Last 30-90 min accompanied with rhinorrhea, lacrimation, conjunct injection

Alcohol may be a precipitant

206
Q

Acute temporal joint dislocation

A

Hippocrates’s manoeuvre (thumbs pressure to molar region)

207
Q

Which are the predominant components of resident oral microflora

A

Bacteria

208
Q

Major origins of odontogenic infection

A

Periapical

Periodontal

209
Q

Temporomandibular disorders

A

Symptoms: jaw pain/ noice, headache, truisms, chewing

Basic classification:
I. Masticatory mm disorders myositis, myofascial pain
II. Temporomandibular joint disorders derangement of condyle-disc complex
III. Chronic mandibular hypo-mobility ankylosis, mm. contraction
IV. Growth disorders congenital/development, neoplasia

Initial H: conservative, reversible and non invasive analgesics, antidepressant, tranquilliser, sedative, muscle relaxant

When changes are permanent or conservative treat is non-effect -> surgery or arthroscopic surgery

210
Q

Metastatic infection is

A

Am infection that occurs at a location separate from the portal entry of the bacteria

Several conditions: susceptible location, bacteria sending, high quantity of bacteria , high duration of bacteremia

211
Q

Dental procedure ps with bacteremia risk

A

Dental extractions

Implant placement and tooth re-implantation

Surgical/non-surgical periodontal procedures

Endodontic instrumental beyond the root apex or endodontic surgery

Initial placement of orthodontic bands

Intraligmentary injection

Prophylaxis when bleeding is expected

Sub-gingival placement of ATB fibres or strips

212
Q

Zygomatic-frontal and frontal-nasal lesions

A

Type III LeFort

213
Q

Metastasis of tumours

A

Inoculation

Blood stream

Different histological features

Lymphatics

214
Q

Angular cheilitis

A

Protein deficiency

Ca deficiency

215
Q

White patches

A

Candida

Leukoplakia

216
Q

Oligodontia

A

Abnormal teeth number

217
Q

Symptoms of acute pulpitis

A

Attacks of spontaneous pain

218
Q

Saliva

A

Reservoir of Fluor

Calcium

Phosphate

Antacid

219
Q

Fibroma

A

Metastasis

Slow growth

220
Q

Smooth and red tongue due to papillary atrophy, typical of

A

Lichen tongue

Fe deficiency anemia

221
Q

Fracture in zygomaticofrontal and zygomaticnasal

A

LeFort II

LeFort III

222
Q

Metastasis of tumours

A

By inoculation

Via bloodstream

Their histological features are different from the primary tumour

Via lymphatic vessels

223
Q

Angular cheilitis

A

Protein deficiency

Ca deficiency

Candida infection

Tuberculosis

224
Q

White patches

A

Candida infection

Leukoplakia

225
Q

Diffuse channels

A

Parallel to dentine

Roots of enamel spaces

226
Q

Peripheral cause of gingivitis and varices forms of periodontitis

A

Bacterial

227
Q

What are town’s fingers

A

Odontoblasts process in dentin

Stomatology (1 decks)

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