Exam_Questions_and_Answers

Question 1

Question Number

Answer 1

Question

Question 2

1

Answer 2

What type of receptors are D1 receptors?

Question 3

2

Answer 3

D1 receptors activate which enzyme in the brain?

Question 4

3

Answer 4

Which receptor deactivates the indirect pathway?

Question 5

4

Answer 5

The indirect pathway primarily leads to:

Question 6

5

Answer 6

Which of the following increases dopamine levels by blocking transporters?

Question 7

6

Answer 7

In which pathway does D1 receptor activity primarily play a role?

Question 8

7

Answer 8

Which disorder is primarily associated with the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra?

Question 9

8

Answer 9

The indirect pathway involves which primary medium spiny neuron?

Question 10

9

Answer 10

What is the effect of increased dopamine in the direct pathway?

Question 11

10

Answer 11

Loss of D1 receptor activity would lead to:

Question 12

11

Answer 12

A patient with symptoms of bradykinesia and rigidity might be suffering from a disorder affecting which pathway?

Question 13

12

Answer 13

If a drug activates adenylyl cyclase, it is likely to bind to which type of dopamine receptor?

Question 14

13

Answer 14

In a research setting, blocking D2 receptors led to an increase in adenylyl cyclase activity. What would this indicate about the normal function of D2 receptors?

Question 15

14

Answer 15

A person experiencing symptoms of delusions and hallucinations is administered a drug that blocks dopamine receptors. What disorder is this drug most likely being used to treat?

Question 16

15

Answer 16

The main function of the basal ganglia in relation to motor control is to:

Question 17

16

Answer 17

D1 receptors are linked to the activation of ________, while D2 receptors inhibit the same enzyme.

Question 18

17

Answer 18

If a patient shows increased activation in iMSNs, which pathway is likely being overstimulated?

Question 19

18

Answer 19

During cocaine administration, which neurotransmitter system is primarily affected?

Question 20

19

Answer 20

Which of the following is a primary function of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic loop?

Question 21

20

Answer 21

Dopamine increases the activity of both D1 and D2 receptors equally.

Question 22

21

Answer 22

D2 receptors are associated with inhibitory effects on the indirect pathway.

Question 23

22

Answer 23

The substantia nigra primarily regulates dopamine release in the hippocampus.

Question 24

23

Answer 24

A loss of dopamine in the substantia nigra results in overactivity of the direct pathway.

Question 25

24

Answer 25

Which of the following best describes the concept of neuroplasticity?

Question 26

25

Answer 26

Psychostimulants such as cocaine primarily exert their effects by:

Question 27

26

Answer 27

Which dopamine receptor subtype is primarily responsible for promoting cAMP production?

Question 28

27

Answer 28

The substantia nigra projects dopamine primarily to the ________, influencing motor function.

Question 29

28

Answer 29

Which enzyme breaks down dopamine in the presynaptic neuron?

Question 30

29

Answer 30

Cocaine’s primary mechanism of action involves blocking which of the following?

Question 31

30

Answer 31

Increased dopamine levels in the direct pathway would result in which of the following?

Question 32

31

Answer 32

Which type of drug is most commonly used to treat Parkinson’s Disease?

Question 33

32

Answer 33

Dopamine has what primary effect on the direct pathway?

Question 34

33

Answer 34

The main therapeutic effect of first-generation antipsychotics is due to:

Question 35

34

Answer 35

If a patient with Parkinson’s Disease takes a drug that increases dopamine levels, which symptoms are expected to improve?

Question 36

35

Answer 36

Huntington’s Disease results in the degeneration of indirect pathway neurons.

Question 37

36

Answer 37

L-DOPA is used to treat Parkinson’s Disease because

Question 38

37

Answer 38

The primary function of D2 receptors in iMSNs is to:

Question 39

38

Answer 39

Which brain circuit is responsible for action selection?

Question 40

39

Answer 40

The _______ is crucial for dopamine-dependent plasticity in motor pathways.

Question 41

40

Answer 41

In Parkinson’s Disease, the indirect pathway becomes more active due to a loss of dopamine.