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Exam 5 > Exam5 > Flashcards

Exam5 Flashcards

1
Q

List the organs of the urinary system

A 
The kidneys
Renal pelvis
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
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2
Q

List four functions of the kidneys

A
  • maintain homeostasis of water, salts, acids and bases
  • excretion of nitrogenous wastes from the body
  • production of the active form of vitamin D
  • carry out gluconeogenesis during the unfed stage
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3
Q

List the three steps involves in urine formation

A

Glomerular filtiration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion

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4
Q

Deamination results in this nitrogenous waste in the urine

A

Urea, it is the most abundant nitrogenous waste in the urine

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5
Q

Which urethral sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle

A

The external uretheral

It is voluntarily relaxed to empty the bladder

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6
Q

Which uretheral spincter is composed of smooth muscle

A

The internal urethral spincter

It is not voluntarily controlled

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7
Q

Muscle ATP metabolism results in this nitrogenous waste in the urine

A

Creatinine

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8
Q

The nephrons glomerulus continues as what

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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9
Q

In what part of the nephron does most reabsorption take place

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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10
Q

List five abnormal constituents in urine

A

Gluose
Ketones
Blood cells
Albumin

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11
Q

In what part of the nephron does filtiration occur

A

It only occurs in the glomerulus

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12
Q

Trace the flow of blood from the renal artery back to the renal vein

A 
Renal artery
Segmental artery
Interlobar artery
Arcuate artery
Cortical radiate artery
Cortical radiate vein
Arcuate vein
Interlobar vein
Renal vein
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13
Q

Which artery and vein are found in the renal

A

Interlobar arteries and veins

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14
Q

Define miicturition

A

The process of urinating

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15
Q

List the four parts of a nephron from proximal to distal

A

Renal corpuscle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Nephron loop (loop of henle)
Distal convoluted tubule

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16
Q

What is the glomerulus

A

A capillary bed that is part of the renal corpuscle, it produces the filtrate

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17
Q

What two structures make up the renal corpuscle

A

Glomerulus ans glomerular capsule

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18
Q

What region of the kidney contains the renal

A

Renal cortex

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19
Q

What do calyces drain urine into

A

Renal pelvis, from there urine is drained into the ureter

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20
Q

What blood vessel directly suppplies arterial blood to the glomerulus

A

Afferent arteriole

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21
Q

What blood vessels are associated with the nephron loops

A

Vasa recta, these blood ladder-like capillaries receive blood from the efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons

22
Q

Where are the cortical radiate arteries located

A

Cortex of the kidney, they are branches of the arcuate arteries

23
Q

List three differences between the female and male urethra

A

The female urethra transports urine only; it is 1-1.5 inches long; the male urethtra has three regions and is less prone to a UTI

24
Q

In what region of the kidney are the renal pyramids located

A

Renal medulla

25
Q

What is the function of the anti diuretic hormone (ADH0

A

Reduces urinary output by reducing the amount of water eliminated from the body; reabsorbs water at the collecting duct

26
Q

What is the trigone

A

Region at the base of the urinary bladder found in males and females, outlined by three openings: two ureters and the urethra

27
Q

List the three segments of the male urethra

A

Prostatic urethra ( passes through the prostate gland)

Intermediate/membranous urethra ( passes through the urogenital diaphragm muscle )

Spongy urethra ( passes through the corpus spongiest of the penis )

28
Q

What is the renal pelvis

A

Large funnel-like structure of the kidney that connects the medulla to the ureter

29
Q

Why are urinary tract infections more common in females

A

The length of the urethra is shorter in males

30
Q

What kidney structures are located between each renal pyramid

A

The renal columns are located in the renal medulla and separate each renal pyramid from the next

31
Q

Where is the kidneys fibrous capsule located

A

It covers that kidney, external to the renal cortex. It functions in protection

32
Q

What structures are located at the renal hilum

A

Urethra, renal artery and vein

33
Q

What is the destructor muscle

A

It must contract for micturition to occur

34
Q

What is the function of the urethra in males and females

A

Transport urine out of the body

35
Q

What is the name of the pressure responsible for the filtration of fluid out of the glomerulus

A

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is the force within the glomerular capillaries (HPgc) that is responsible for pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane, into the glomerular capsule space. An increase in HPgc results in more filtrate produced

36
Q

Where is fluid moving to in the process of filtration

A

From the glomerulus into the nephron’s capsule space

37
Q

Where is fluid moving to in the process of tubular reabsorption

A

From the nephron into the blood

38
Q

Where is fluid moving to in the process of tubular secretion

A

From the blood into the nephron

39
Q

What blood vessel directly drains blood from the glomerulus

A

The efferent arteriole drains the glomerular capillary bed

40
Q

Which segment of the nephron loop (loop of Henle) is permeable to H2O

A

The descending lim since it has aquaporins that function in the reabsorption of water

41
Q

Which has a smaller diameter the afferent arteriole or the efferent arteriole

A

The efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter, this creates a high hydrostatic blood pressure that drives the process of filtration

42
Q

What are two types of nephrons? Which are more abundant ?

A

Cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons

Cortical nephrons are the majority

43
Q

What is urines pH

A

Slightly acidic, average pH of 6 but ranging from 4.5 to 8

44
Q

What has a higher specific gravity, water or urine

A

Urine has a higher specific gravity compared to water because it contains dissolved solutes

45
Q

What is the most abundant nitrogenous waste in urine

A

Urea

46
Q

What gives urine its yellow color

A

A pigment called urochrome

47
Q

What is Pyuria

A

Presence of WBCs or pus in urine

48
Q

What is the epithelium of the urinary bladder

A

Transitional epithelium

49
Q

Where are podocytes located in the nephron

A

They surround the endothelial cells that makeup the wall of the glomerulus

50
Q

What is a collecting duct

A

A structure that collects filtrate from nephrons

51
Q

What organ produces urea from ammonia and CO2

A

The liver

Exam 5 (1 decks)

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