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History Of Psychology > Exam3 Terms > Flashcards

Exam3 Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Animism?

A

The belief that natural phenomena and inanimate objects have spirits or life forces.

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2
Q

What is Anthropomorphism?

A

Attributing human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities, like animals or nature.

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3
Q

What is Physis?

A

The fundamental substance or element from which everything in the universe is derived.

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4
Q

What are Eidola?

A

Democritus’s theory that objects emit images or atoms that reach our senses, leading to perception.

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5
Q

What is the Socratic Method?

A

A form of cooperative argumentative dialogue that uses questioning to stimulate critical thinking and illuminate ideas.

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6
Q

What is the Theory of Forms?

A

Plato’s belief in abstract, non-material ideas or forms that represent the most accurate reality.

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7
Q

What is Tabula Rasa?

A

John Locke’s concept of the mind as a ‘blank slate’ at birth, shaped by experience.

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8
Q

What is Associationism?

A

The theory that our understanding and memories are connected and influenced by experiences of similarity, contiguity, and contrast.

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9
Q

What is Occam’s Razor?

A

The principle that the simplest explanation is usually the correct one, emphasizing simplicity in scientific theories.

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10
Q

What is Phrenology?

A

Franz Joseph Gall’s theory that the shape and size of the skull indicate a person’s mental faculties and character traits.

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11
Q

What is Psychophysics?

A

The study of the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they produce.

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12
Q

What is Weber’s Law?

A

The principle stating that the size of the just noticeable difference (JND) is a constant proportion of the original stimulus.

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13
Q

What is Absolute Threshold?

A

The minimum level of stimulus intensity needed for a stimulus to be detected 50% of the time.

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14
Q

What is Structuralism?

A

An approach led by Titchener, focusing on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components.

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15
Q

What is Stimulus Error?

A

The mistake of describing a sensory experience by its common name rather than its sensory details in introspective analysis.

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16
Q

What is Introspection?

A

A method used in Structuralism where subjects report the raw sensory experiences without interpreting or labeling them.

17
Q

What is Functionalism?

A

A psychological school of thought emphasizing the purpose of consciousness and behavior in adapting to the environment.

18
Q

What is Stream of Consciousness?

A

William James’s concept that consciousness is a continuous flow rather than segmented into discrete elements.

19
Q

What is Ideo-Motor Theory?

A

The idea that merely thinking about an action increases the likelihood of its execution.

20
Q

What is Recapitulation Theory?

A

G. Stanley Hall’s theory suggesting that the development of an individual mirrors the evolutionary history of the species.

21
Q

What is Tridimensional Theory of Feelings?

A

Wundt’s idea that feelings can be categorized by dimensions of pleasantness-unpleasantness, excitement-calm, and strain-relaxation.

22
Q

What is Völkerpsychologie?

A

Wundt’s approach to studying cultural and social influences on mental processes, or ‘folk psychology.’

23
Q

What is Creative Synthesis?

A

Wundt’s concept that the mind actively organizes simple sensory experiences into complex perceptions.

24
Q

What is a Paradigm?

A

According to Kuhn, a set of beliefs, values, and techniques shared by members of a scientific community.

25
Q

What is the Principle of Falsifiability?

A

Karl Popper’s criterion that a scientific theory must be refutable by potential observations.

26
Q

What is Empiricism?

A

The philosophy that knowledge comes from sensory experience.

27
Q

What is Rationalism?

A

The philosophy that emphasizes reason and logic as the primary sources of knowledge.

28
Q

What is Determinism?

A

The belief that all events, including human actions, are determined by specific causes.

29
Q

What is Voluntarism?

A

Wundt’s theory that emphasizes the willpower in the mind’s ability to organize experiences.

30
Q

What is the Law of Contiguity?

A

The associationist principle stating that ideas experienced together become linked in the mind.

History Of Psychology (3 decks)

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