Exam3 Pharmacology

Question 1

Define Selective Toxicity

Answer 1

Selective toxicity describes a compound’s effectiveness against cellular targets that are present in bacteria but not in humans or other hosts. i.e. cell walls, cell membrane components, ribosomal subunits, elongation factors, etc.

Question 2

What is the difference between narrow, extended, and broad spectrum antibacterials?

Answer 2

Narrow spectrum only affect gram negative or gram positive species. Extended spectrum affect both negative and positive species. Broad spectrum affect pos, neg, and unusual species.

Question 3

Which MOAs generally result in bacteriostatic effects?

Answer 3

Protein Synthesis inhibition (except aminoglycosides), Inhibition of metabolic pathways (Folate),

Question 4

Which MOAs generally result in bactericidal effects?

Answer 4

Inhibition of Cell Wall synthesis, Interference with DNA function,

Question 5

What classes of antimicrobials interrupt cell wall synthesis?

Answer 5

All bactericidal: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Vancomycin, Carbapenems.

Question 6

What classes of antimicrobials inhibit protein synthesis?

Answer 6

Most bacteriostatic: Macrolides, Tetracyclines, Clindamycin, Aminoglycoside (-cidal), Chloramphenicol, Streptogamins

Question 7

What classes of antimicrobials affect DNA?

Answer 7

All bactericidal: Fluoroquinolones, Nirtofurantoin, Metronidazole

Question 8

What classes of antimicrobials affect metabolic pathways?

Answer 8

Generally bacteriostatic unless used in combination: Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim