exam3 path and nut Flashcards
DRI stands for
dietary reference intakes
malnutrition DEF
imbalance between nutrients the body needs and gets
over nutrition
too much calories
under nutrition
deficiency mainly of calories and protein
calories is a unit of
energy
functions of proteins
growth
repair/maintain body tissue
importance of protein for to oral cavity
growth
development
maintain pulp
what happens in oral cavity if protein is not present
crowding
teeth rotation
inadequate bone growth
absence of proteins can lead to what conditions
kwashiorkor and marasmus
complete proteins are from
meat fish poultry eggs milk
incomplete proteins are from
legumes
grains
vegetables
soybeans
PKU aka
phenylketonuria
what is phenylketonuria
liver cant metab essential amino acid phenylalanine into nonessential amino acid tyrosine
what does phenylketonuria do
toxic with build up that damages nervous system in infant
what does phenylketonuria cause
retardation
how is PKU managed
restricting phenylalanine enough to support growth
supplement tyrosine
marasmus def
inadequate food intake
marasmus is common in age
6-18 months
what does marasmus do
impairs brain development and learning
MAINLY severe wasting/weakening of muscles
does marasmus cause edema
no
kwashiorkor def
severe protein/calories/carbs def
kwashiorkor; in ages
2 years
kwashiorkor; severe wasting of fat?
no
kwashiorkor; symptoms
apathy cant gain weight/ grow listlessness changes in hair color edema in abdomen and legs (swelling)
starvation def
MOST extreme form of marasmus
total lack of essential nutrients for long time
cachexia; def
severe wasting away of muscle and fat tissue
cachexia; wasting away result of
over production of cytokines from immune system
cachexia; most common form on cancer and AIDS?
yes
adult PEM; oral effects
decreased tooth development
affected salivary flow
connected tissue and bone devel affected
increased acid production
organic compounds
proteins
carbs
lipids
vitamins
monosaccharides include (5)
pentoses hexoses glucose fructose galactose
disaccharides include (3)
lactose
sucrose
maltose
lactose is made up of
glucose and galactose
sucrose is made up of
glucose and fructose
maltose is made up of
glucose and starch
polysaccharides include
starch
glycogen
insulin
dextran
fibers include
cellulose
hemicellulose
pectin
cellulose found in
plants
hemicellulose found in
cereals
pectin responsible for
thickening of jams
functions of carbs
provide energy
MAIN build tissue and replace cells
burns fat
types of sugars
sucrose high fructose turbinado brown sugar maple syrup
alternative sweeteners
xylitol
sorbitol
mannitol
xylitol; mostly used for
reducing bacterial adherence to teeth
sorbitol most used in
diabetic food
mannitol made of
mannose and galactose
artificial sweeteners include
sucralose
aspartame
saccharin
acesulfame-k
how many times sweeter than sucrose; acesulfame- k
200
how many times sweeter than sucrose; saccharin
500
how many times sweeter than sucrose; sucralose
600
lipids are composed of
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
true fat are composed of
glycerol that’s attached to 1,2,3 fatty acids from mono,di, or triglycerides
saturated fatty acids are found in
stear in animals,
palm in animals,
myris and lauric in coconut oil
monounsaturated fatty acid contains
unsaturated linkage
monounsaturated fatty acid found in
cooking oils
polyunsaturated oils contains
two or more points of unsaturation
lipoproteins are made in the
liver
LDLis the good guy or the bad guys
bad guys
HDL is the good or bad
good
LDL composed of
cholesterol
HDL produced by
liver and intestine
function of lipids
energy 9Kcal
insulate
fullness
flavor and texture to food
atherosclerosis def
degenerative disease. hardening of large and medium arteries
atherosclerosis can lead to
CVD
fat soluble vitamins include; 4
A
D
E
K
water soluble vitamins include; 2
B
C
vit-a aka
retinol
retinol is important for
night vision
vit-d aka
calciferol
functions for vit-d
absorbing calcium and phosphorus, mineralization of teeth and bones
vit-d sources
sun
UV light
fortified milk, butter and fatty fish
deficiency of vit-d can lead to
rickets in children and osteomalacia
rickets def
softening of bone
enlarged head
joints, deformed pelvis
osteomalacia def
calcium taken from bones bc insufficient absorption by intestines. bent posture
vit-e AKA
tocopherol
vit-e functions
protect RBC damage
neural and muscle structure
cellular respiration
vit-e deficiency
break down in RBC
anemia
vit-k function
blood clotting/ prothrombin
vit-k deficiency
hemorrhage
reduced bone mass
vit-c AKA
ascorbic acid
vit-c function
assist in wound healing
vit-c sources
citrus
vit-c deficiency
scurvy
