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DH board review > exam3 path and nut > Flashcards

exam3 path and nut Flashcards

1
Q

DRI stands for

A

dietary reference intakes

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2
Q

malnutrition DEF

A

imbalance between nutrients the body needs and gets

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3
Q

over nutrition

A

too much calories

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4
Q

under nutrition

A

deficiency mainly of calories and protein

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5
Q

calories is a unit of

A

energy

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6
Q

functions of proteins

A

growth

repair/maintain body tissue

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7
Q

importance of protein for to oral cavity

A

growth
development
maintain pulp

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8
Q

what happens in oral cavity if protein is not present

A

crowding
teeth rotation
inadequate bone growth

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9
Q

absence of proteins can lead to what conditions

A

kwashiorkor and marasmus

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10
Q

complete proteins are from

A 
meat 
fish
poultry 
eggs
milk
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11
Q

incomplete proteins are from

A

legumes
grains
vegetables
soybeans

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12
Q

PKU aka

A

phenylketonuria

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13
Q

what is phenylketonuria

A

liver cant metab essential amino acid phenylalanine into nonessential amino acid tyrosine

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14
Q

what does phenylketonuria do

A

toxic with build up that damages nervous system in infant

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15
Q

what does phenylketonuria cause

A

retardation

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16
Q

how is PKU managed

A

restricting phenylalanine enough to support growth

supplement tyrosine

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17
Q

marasmus def

A

inadequate food intake

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18
Q

marasmus is common in age

A

6-18 months

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19
Q

what does marasmus do

A

impairs brain development and learning

MAINLY severe wasting/weakening of muscles

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20
Q

does marasmus cause edema

A

no

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21
Q

kwashiorkor def

A

severe protein/calories/carbs def

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22
Q

kwashiorkor; in ages

A

2 years

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23
Q

kwashiorkor; severe wasting of fat?

A

no

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24
Q

kwashiorkor; symptoms

A 
apathy
cant gain weight/ grow 
listlessness
changes in hair color 
edema in abdomen and legs (swelling)
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25
Q

starvation def

A

MOST extreme form of marasmus

total lack of essential nutrients for long time

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26
Q

cachexia; def

A

severe wasting away of muscle and fat tissue

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27
Q

cachexia; wasting away result of

A

over production of cytokines from immune system

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28
Q

cachexia; most common form on cancer and AIDS?

A

yes

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29
Q

adult PEM; oral effects

A

decreased tooth development
affected salivary flow
connected tissue and bone devel affected
increased acid production

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30
Q

organic compounds

A

proteins
carbs
lipids
vitamins

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31
Q

monosaccharides include (5)

A 
pentoses
hexoses 
glucose
fructose 
galactose
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32
Q

disaccharides include (3)

A

lactose
sucrose
maltose

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33
Q

lactose is made up of

A

glucose and galactose

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34
Q

sucrose is made up of

A

glucose and fructose

35
Q

maltose is made up of

A

glucose and starch

36
Q

polysaccharides include

A

starch
glycogen
insulin
dextran

37
Q

fibers include

A

cellulose
hemicellulose
pectin

38
Q

cellulose found in

A

plants

39
Q

hemicellulose found in

A

cereals

40
Q

pectin responsible for

A

thickening of jams

41
Q

functions of carbs

A

provide energy
MAIN build tissue and replace cells
burns fat

42
Q

types of sugars

A 
sucrose
high fructose 
turbinado
brown sugar 
maple syrup
43
Q

alternative sweeteners

A

xylitol
sorbitol
mannitol

44
Q

xylitol; mostly used for

A

reducing bacterial adherence to teeth

45
Q

sorbitol most used in

A

diabetic food

46
Q

mannitol made of

A

mannose and galactose

47
Q

artificial sweeteners include

A

sucralose
aspartame
saccharin
acesulfame-k

48
Q

how many times sweeter than sucrose; acesulfame- k

A

200

49
Q

how many times sweeter than sucrose; saccharin

A

500

50
Q

how many times sweeter than sucrose; sucralose

A

600

51
Q

lipids are composed of

A

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen

52
Q

true fat are composed of

A

glycerol that’s attached to 1,2,3 fatty acids from mono,di, or triglycerides

53
Q

saturated fatty acids are found in

A

stear in animals,
palm in animals,
myris and lauric in coconut oil

54
Q

monounsaturated fatty acid contains

A

unsaturated linkage

55
Q

monounsaturated fatty acid found in

A

cooking oils

56
Q

polyunsaturated oils contains

A

two or more points of unsaturation

57
Q

lipoproteins are made in the

A

liver

58
Q

LDLis the good guy or the bad guys

A

bad guys

59
Q

HDL is the good or bad

A

good

60
Q

LDL composed of

A

cholesterol

61
Q

HDL produced by

A

liver and intestine

62
Q

function of lipids

A

energy 9Kcal
insulate
fullness
flavor and texture to food

63
Q

atherosclerosis def

A

degenerative disease. hardening of large and medium arteries

64
Q

atherosclerosis can lead to

A

CVD

65
Q

fat soluble vitamins include; 4

A

A
D
E
K

66
Q

water soluble vitamins include; 2

A

B

C

67
Q

vit-a aka

A

retinol

68
Q

retinol is important for

A

night vision

69
Q

vit-d aka

A

calciferol

70
Q

functions for vit-d

A

absorbing calcium and phosphorus, mineralization of teeth and bones

71
Q

vit-d sources

A

sun
UV light
fortified milk, butter and fatty fish

72
Q

deficiency of vit-d can lead to

A

rickets in children and osteomalacia

73
Q

rickets def

A

softening of bone
enlarged head
joints, deformed pelvis

74
Q

osteomalacia def

A

calcium taken from bones bc insufficient absorption by intestines. bent posture

75
Q

vit-e AKA

A

tocopherol

76
Q

vit-e functions

A

protect RBC damage
neural and muscle structure
cellular respiration

77
Q

vit-e deficiency

A

break down in RBC

anemia

78
Q

vit-k function

A

blood clotting/ prothrombin

79
Q

vit-k deficiency

A

hemorrhage

reduced bone mass

80
Q

vit-c AKA

A

ascorbic acid

81
Q

vit-c function

A

assist in wound healing

82
Q

vit-c sources

A

citrus

83
Q

vit-c deficiency

A

scurvy

DH board review (2 decks)

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