Exam2- Contraception Flashcards
Cervical Mucus Method- rhythm
Recognize the mucus change in your vagina before ovulation.
Sex is safe if the mucus is cloudy and white (4 days after ovulation) or there is none (right after menstruation)
Symptothermal Method- rhythm
More than one method at once- temperature, cervical mucus, calendar.
Vasectomy
Male sterilization operation
Vasovasostomy
Operation to reverse the male sterilization operation (vasectomy)
Functions of Sexual Activity
Reproduction, relationship, recreation, release. Reward??
Margaret Sanger
Committed to women’s health and wanted children.
Served jail time for opening the first US birth control clinic. Also indicted for her magazine.
Failure rate of women getting pregnant while using a contraceptive
5%
Fertility Awareness (Rhythm methods)
Only natural form of birth control.
Require abstaining from intercourse during the fertile period.
Calendar Method- rhythm
Assumption that ovulation occurs 14 days before the onset of menstruation
Standard days method- rhythm
A regular cycle is between 26 and 32 days, so you abstain from days 8-19
Basal body temperature method- rhythm
Woman waits for daily temperature to rise drastically the day after ovulation. It is okay to have sex 3 days after.
Failure rate of all rhythm methods
25%
Withdrawal
Most ancient form of birth control.
Coitus interruptus.
Failure rate- 27%.
Failure rate of the male condom
Perfect user- 2%
Typical user- 15%
*better than female condom
Female Condom
One ring is inserted into the vagina and the other end over the entrance.
Perfect user failure rate- 5%
Typical user failure rate- 21%
IUD (Intrauterine device)
Placed in the uterus by a doctor and removed when you want to have sex
Side effects: increased menstrual cramps, irregular bleeding, increased menstrual flow
Diaphragm and Cervical Cap
Inserted over the vagina and fits over the cervix but must be used with spermicide.
Failure rate is 20%
Cervical cap just fits more snugly
How the pill works
- prevents ovulation
- estrogen level is high, stops FSH production which tells ovulation to begin.
- progestin keeps mucus thick so it’s hard for sperm to get through, uterus lining is changed so its hard for egg to get implanted
Triphasic pills
Steady level of estrogen, three phases of progesterone
Chlamydia
- thin, clear discharge and mild discomfort
- 7 to 14 days after infection
- number 1 STD on college campuses
Treatment: no penicillin.
Prevention of Chlamydia
- spread unknowingly
- use a condom!
HPV/warts
- small painless bumps, cauliflower.
- can spread to new areas
- virus, majority asymptotic
- HPV is highest risk factor for cervical cancer, cancer of penis and anus
Treatment: podophyllinacid or bichloraceticacid applied to warts, warts being frozen off, cream
Vaccines for HPV 3 over 6 months
Genital Herpes
- general organs caused by herpes simplex virus
- painful
- 2 to 3 weeks of infection. Only on vag lips
- heal on own and come back
- virus
- can lead to meningitis, narrowing of urethane due to scarring, HIV, mother to infant
HIV/AIDS
- estimated 60 million infected with HIV, US 550,000 deaths
- anal intercourse is more likely than reg sex
- use condoms
- retrovirus: reproduced only in the host cell of the living species
- invades T-helper cells
Early stage- initial infection
Middle stage- may have no symptoms
AIDS
Treatment
AZT: stops virus from multiplying
DDI: slows progression
DDC: stops from replicating
12% AA have AIDS, 49% of all cases are AA
13% of hispanics, 18% of all cases
