Exam2- Contraception

Question 1

Cervical Mucus Method- rhythm

Answer 1

Recognize the mucus change in your vagina before ovulation.

Sex is safe if the mucus is cloudy and white (4 days after ovulation) or there is none (right after menstruation)

Question 2

Symptothermal Method- rhythm

Answer 2

More than one method at once- temperature, cervical mucus, calendar.

Question 3

Vasectomy

Answer 3

Male sterilization operation

Question 4

Vasovasostomy

Answer 4

Operation to reverse the male sterilization operation (vasectomy)

Question 5

Functions of Sexual Activity

Answer 5

Reproduction, relationship, recreation, release. Reward??

Question 6

Margaret Sanger

Answer 6

Committed to women’s health and wanted children.

Served jail time for opening the first US birth control clinic. Also indicted for her magazine.

Question 7

Failure rate of women getting pregnant while using a contraceptive

Answer 7

5%

Question 8

Fertility Awareness (Rhythm methods)

Answer 8

Only natural form of birth control.

Require abstaining from intercourse during the fertile period.

Question 9

Calendar Method- rhythm

Answer 9

Assumption that ovulation occurs 14 days before the onset of menstruation

Question 10

Standard days method- rhythm

Answer 10

A regular cycle is between 26 and 32 days, so you abstain from days 8-19

Question 11

Basal body temperature method- rhythm

Answer 11

Woman waits for daily temperature to rise drastically the day after ovulation. It is okay to have sex 3 days after.

Question 12

Failure rate of all rhythm methods

Answer 12

25%

Question 13

Withdrawal

Answer 13

Most ancient form of birth control.
Coitus interruptus.
Failure rate- 27%.

Question 14

Failure rate of the male condom

Answer 14

Perfect user- 2%
Typical user- 15%

*better than female condom

Question 15

Female Condom

Answer 15

One ring is inserted into the vagina and the other end over the entrance.
Perfect user failure rate- 5%
Typical user failure rate- 21%

Question 16

IUD (Intrauterine device)

Answer 16

Placed in the uterus by a doctor and removed when you want to have sex
Side effects: increased menstrual cramps, irregular bleeding, increased menstrual flow

Question 17

Diaphragm and Cervical Cap

Answer 17

Inserted over the vagina and fits over the cervix but must be used with spermicide.
Failure rate is 20%
Cervical cap just fits more snugly

Question 18

How the pill works

Answer 18

• prevents ovulation
• estrogen level is high, stops FSH production which tells ovulation to begin.
• progestin keeps mucus thick so it’s hard for sperm to get through, uterus lining is changed so its hard for egg to get implanted

Question 19

Triphasic pills

Answer 19

Steady level of estrogen, three phases of progesterone

Question 20

Chlamydia

Answer 20

• thin, clear discharge and mild discomfort
• 7 to 14 days after infection
• number 1 STD on college campuses

Treatment: no penicillin.

Question 21

Prevention of Chlamydia

Answer 21

• spread unknowingly

- use a condom!

Question 22

HPV/warts

Answer 22

• small painless bumps, cauliflower.
• can spread to new areas
• virus, majority asymptotic
• HPV is highest risk factor for cervical cancer, cancer of penis and anus

Treatment: podophyllinacid or bichloraceticacid applied to warts, warts being frozen off, cream
Vaccines for HPV 3 over 6 months

Question 23

Genital Herpes

Answer 23

• general organs caused by herpes simplex virus
• painful
• 2 to 3 weeks of infection. Only on vag lips
• heal on own and come back
• virus
• can lead to meningitis, narrowing of urethane due to scarring, HIV, mother to infant

Question 24

HIV/AIDS

Answer 24

• estimated 60 million infected with HIV, US 550,000 deaths
• anal intercourse is more likely than reg sex
• use condoms
• retrovirus: reproduced only in the host cell of the living species
• invades T-helper cells

Early stage- initial infection
Middle stage- may have no symptoms
AIDS

Treatment
AZT: stops virus from multiplying
DDI: slows progression
DDC: stops from replicating

12% AA have AIDS, 49% of all cases are AA
13% of hispanics, 18% of all cases