EXAM2 Flashcards
What is a cell? Why is the cell the basis for biology?
A cell is the smallest living unit. The cell and its workings are the basis for anatomy and psychology.
The phospholipid molecule is composed of a polar head. What type of chemical bonds (ionic, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent, hydrogen) can interact with the polar heads?
non-polar & hydrogen
The phospholipid molecule is composed of a polar head. What type of chemical bonds (ionic, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent, hydrogen) cannot interact with the polar heads?
ionic & polar
Is there a nonpolar region of the plasma membrane? If so, where is it located?
yes, the tails and they are located in the interior of the plasma membrane
Define transcription.
The formation of a ribonucleic acid (RNA) copy of a gene from DNA in the nucleus,
Define translation.
Uses the information coded in RNA for the synthesis of the protein by ribosomes in the cytosol
Transcription and Translation are apart of what overall process?
Protein synthesis
Where in the cell does transcription take place?
In the nucleus
Where in the cell does translation take place?
In cytosol
What happens if your cell makes an error in transcription and/or translation?
Errors that occur during transcription and translation can also have substantial effects on gene function by producing misfolded and malfunctioning proteins
What is mitosis?
The process of somatic cell division
How do the products of mitosis differ from the products of meiosis?
Somatic cells are all of the cells in the body other than the sex cells, and sex cells form either sperm or oocytes.
What is meiosis?
The process of sex cell division that results in haploid number of chromosomes
Label the processes of the cell cycle, Be sure to include an overall summary of what happens at each stage.
Prophase -
Metaphase-
Anaphase-
Telophase -
Label the processes of the cell cycle, Be sure to include an overall summary of what happens at each stage.
Interphase-
Prophase - Chromosomes appear due to coiling of chromatin, nucleus breaks down, spindle fibers begin to form Centrioles, centrioles move toward opposing poles, Nuclear enevolpe breaks down at the end of this stage
Metaphase-Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes extending from the centrioles, Chromosomes are aligned at the equatorial plate of the cell by spindle fibers
Anaphase-Sister chromosomes are separated by single fibers and moved toward opposite end of the cell, During this process centromeres that held sister chromatids together separate; each sister chromatid is now a chromosome with its own centromere
Telophase -Chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin, a nucleus , spindle fibers break up and disappear, new nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes
Cytokinesis- the division of the cytoplasm during cell division
