EXAM2 Flashcards
4 General Types of Tissue
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous
Two or more different types of cells working together to perform a specific function.
Tissue
Study of Tissues
Histology
Type of tissue that is characterized by the shape of cells and the number of layers
Epithelial
Which type of tissue is characterized by presence of a nonliving matrix
Connective
The epidermis is made of what specific type of ET?
Stratified Squamous
The dermis is made of what specific type of CT?
Dense Irregular CT
Which tissue type would you find in glands?
Simple Cubodial
Tendons and Ligaments are what type of CT?
Dense Regular
Why would damage to to the cartilage take longer to heal?
Lack of blood flow
2 types of muscles that contain striations?
Cardiac and Skeletal
Which type of MT has intercalated discs?
Cardiac
What type of tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs?
Smooth
Name the 2 cells types found in NT?
Neuroglial cells and neurons
Which part of the neuron takes the impulse away from the cell body?
Axon
What is the only dry membrane in the body?
Cutaneous
Where would you find the pleura?
Around the lungs
Name the 2 layers of serous membranes
Parietal and visceral
Which serous membrane is the innermost layer?
Visceral
Where would you find synovial membranes?
In diarthrosis joints
Which layer of the epidermis is found only in the thickened skin regions?
Stratum Lucidum
2 fiber types that are found in CT?
Collagen and Elastic
What is the most common cell found in CT?
Fibroblasts
4 functions of the integumentary system
Protection, Synthesis of Vitamin D, Sensory Reception and Communication, Regulation of body temperature
2 layers of skin starting with the outermost
Epidermis, Dermis
What are Langerhans Cells?
Macrophage (WBC) used for protection against microbes
State the roles of keratin and melalin
Keratin is a waterproofing agent. Melanin is a pigament which is protective against uv rays
Where would you find dermal pipillae? What is the purpose of this structure?
Found in the upper portions of the dermis. They form ridges (fingerprints) to increase friction and provide a better gripping surface.
What gland is at the root of acne vulgaris?
Sabaceous gland
What gland activates under stress and becomes active in puperty?
Aprocine sweat gland
What gland activates to cool the body?
Eccrine sweat gland
What are ceruminous glands?
Produce earwax
Describe the steps in wound healing
Inflammation phase, migrations phase, proliferation phase, scarring phase.
4 cardinal signs of inflammation
Heat, Redness, Swelling, Pain
5 layers in the epridermis beginning with the most superficial
Stranum Corneum Stranum Lucidum Stranum Granlosum Stranum Spinosum Stranum Basale
When would vasodilation and vasoconstriction occur?
vasoconstriction prevents heat loss.vasodilation allows more heat loss.
Name the muscle attatched to the hair follicle that makes the hair stand on the end
Arrector pili muscle
What is hematopoiesis?
Process of blood cell formation
List the functions of the skeletal system
Support, Protection, Movement, Storage
What type of tissue is bone?
Connective Tissue
3 types of cells in bone tissue and function
Osteoblast-bone forming cell
Osteoclast-break down bone
Ostocytes-mature bone
4 classifications of bone base on shape and give 2 examples of each type
Long bones- femur and tibia
Short bones- carpals and tarsals
Flat bones- ribs and sternum
Irregular bones- vertebrae and pelvis
Ens of a long bone
Epiphysis
What is the shaft of a long bone called?
Diaphysis
Difference in the epiphyseal line and plate?
Epiphyseal line will take the place of the place and be seen on x-ray after a person stops growing.
What is the medullary cavity and what is stored here?
Contains yellow bone marrow and is a storage area for fat.
Lining of the medullary cavity is called what?
Endosteum
Where would you find the periosteum?
Diaphysis of long bones
Which type of bone characterized by trabeculae?
Bone marrow
What type of bone is characterized by osteons?
Compact bone
What is an alternative name for osteon?
Osteons Haversian Systems
Describe the functions of both yellow marrow and red marrow
RED- makes blood cells through hematopoisesis
YELLOW-used for energy reserves (fat storage)
What type of ossification occurs using fibrous connective tissue?
Intramembranous ossification
Which type of ossification utilizes an existing hyaline cartilage model?
Endochondral Ossification
Which type of ossification forms the bones in the skull and face?
Intramembranous ossification
Describe the 3 types of articulations and give 2 examples of each
Synarthroses joints (skull sutures and gomphosis) Amphiarthrosis (symphysis and intervertebral disks) Diarthrosis (shoulder and hip)
What type of movement increases the angle between 2 articulating bones?
Extension
Standing on your toes is which type of movement?
Plantar flexion
What is the purpose of synovial fluid?
The reduce friction between the articular cartilages of synovial joints during movement
What tissue covers the epiphysis of a long bone?
Articular cartilage
