Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

lam > exam2 > Flashcards

exam2 Flashcards

1
Q

indicator of myonecrosis in both skeletal and heart muscles

A

serum CK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when does serum CK peak post exersize

A

4-6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F

elevations in AST are not specific for myonecrosis

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

persistently elevated CK

A

myonecrosis is ongoing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

elevated AST levels with a decreasing CK

A

myonecrosis is not continuing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F

AST rises faster than CK in response to myonecrosis

A

false

AST peaks at 24 hours post insult
CK is 4-6 hours post to peak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do LDH elevations show

A

hepatic necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what should the urine look like in myonecrosis

A

probs brown!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a positive hemastix test test in the absence of hemolysis or RBCs in the urine is highly suggestive of _______

A

myoglobinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what elevations of CK are indicitive of exertional rhabdomyolysis

A

5X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

minimum size muscle sample

A

at lease an inch square

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

suprascapular nerve damaged and scapula muscle atrophies

A

sweeney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

complete denervation of a muscle will result in 50% atrophy in what time frame

A

2-3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what age is myotonia dystrophica usually detected

A

first year of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

clinical signs of myotonia dystrophica

A

marked muscle atrophy
retinal dysplasia
gait abnormalities when exercise begins
affected muscles remain contracted for up to a minute or more and slow relaxation

euthanize severely affected horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

myotonia dystrophica treatment

A

phenytoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

non-dystrophic myotonia

A

hyperkalemic periodic paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

inherited defect in muscle sodium channels in quarter horses and american paints

A

hypp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what type of genetic trait is hypp

A

autosomal dominant

if you breed to a homozygous dominant horse = 50% chance of defect!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

when do hypp clinical signs begin

A

2-3 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F

exercise stimulates clinical signs of hypp

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

episodes of hypp can be triggered by

A

ingestion of high potassium - alfalfa/molasses
sudden dietary changes and fasting
anesthesia/heavy sedation/trailer rides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T/F

during hypp episodes the serum CK will increase

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

hypp definitive diagnosis

A

dna test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
primary control step for hypp
lower dietary potassium and increase renal potassium excretions
26
how long do hypp episodes lsat
15-60 minutes
27
drugs for treating hypp
acetazolamide | hydrochlorothiazide
28
how does acetazolamide work
stabilizes blood glucose and K by stimulating insulin secretion
29
diets deficient in these electrolytes can lead to muscle stiffness/cramps
Na or K
30
in muscle cramping, rectal temps can reach
41C exhasution and persistently high temp are clinical signs of muscle cramping
31
T/F | muscle cramping will not have elevated CK or AST but they will have myoglobinuria
false - they wont have any
32
treatment for cramping
normally self limiting with rest supplement nacl and kcl in diets
33
known as thumps
synchronous diaphragmatic flutter
34
inciting cause of SDF
hypocalcemia -- from furosemide therapy
35
SDF classic clinical sign
diaphragm contracts synchornously with the heart
36
thumps tx
iv calcium | calcium and mg supplements
37
treatment for hypocalcemia
iv admin of 20% calcium borogluconate
38
T/F | clostridial diseases are infectious but not contagious
true
39
common causes of clostridial myonecrosis
recent IM injection sites - flunixin meglumine
40
clinical signs of clostridial myonecrosis
rapidly progressive with the development of tremors, ataxia, dyspnea, recumbance, coma, and death in 24 hours anaerobic bacterial -- need to irrigate with oxygen
41
drugs of choice for clostridial myonecrosis
penicilin and oral metronidazole
42
rhabdomyelysis associated with strep equi
submandibular lymphadenopathy neutrophilia, fibrinogenemia, elevated CK and AST unrelenting pain - cri lidocaine or ketamine to help euthanize
43
horse muscle atrophy up to 50% in a week with mildly elevated CK
immune mediated polymyositis
44
tx immune mediated polymyositis
corticosteroids
45
highly fatal acquired lipid storage myopathy of pasture horses
seasonal pasture myopathy
46
how to diagnose seasonal pasture myopathy
isolation of conjugated toxic metabolite MCPA in blood or urine
47
pathophysiology of seasonal pasture myopathy//
inability to metabolize fat | avoid acer trees
48
postanesthetic myoneuropathy
after anesthesia from laying on hard table ect | control by using padding, use lightest plane anesthesia possible
49
most common muscle disorder in horses
sporadic exertional rhabdomyolysis
50
dietary imbalance that causes sporadic exertional rhabdomyolysis
high non-structural carbs and low forage deficient in electrolytes
51
difference between type 1 and type 2 pssm
type 1 has a single base pair mutation in the gys1 gene | type 2 = no mutation of the gene in biopsy of quarter horses
52
most common trigger for pssm
exercise
53
gold standard dx for pssm
genetic test for the gene mutation which whole blood or hair root
54
why is adding fat calories contraindicated in pssm
most are overweight and easy keeper horses - this will cause a metabolic syndrome since they already have 2x higher glycogen concentrations than the normal horse with pssm
55
ryr1 mutation
malignant hyperthermia
56
recurrent uveitis in horses
lepto infection
57
treat melting corneal ulcer with...
antibiotics atropine edta plasma - purple top (MOST IMPORTANT)
58
atropine in eye is indicated for
pain | synechia formation
59
What family of drugs is contraindicated in equine ocular ulcers?
corticosteroids
60
two most common eye head blocks
supraorbital | palpebral
61
T/F | Most eye lesions in the equine patient are found in the anterior chamber.
TRUE
62
what is contraindicated in deep corneal ulcer
examining conjuntival sac and tonometry | could puncture through
63
T/F | Conjunctivitis is a common problem in the horse often secondary to irritation and must be treated as an emergency
false -- you want to treat early to prevent ulcer formation but it is not an emergency -- use topical ab and fly mask
64
when are drops indicated over topical eye treatment
deep corneal ulcers
65
what indicated chronicity of corneal ulcer
neovascularization
66
most common underlying caue of corneal ulcers in the horse
trauma
67
most common isolate from corneal ulcers in the horse
strep zoo
68
pupil of horse
hoizontally elongatedd with protrusions from the dorsal iris
69
Large frank volume following several bouts of mild unilateral epistaxis
guttural pouch epistaxis
70
treatment for ethmoid hematoma
intralesional formalin
71
You are examining the left guttural pouch of a 2-yr-old Thoroughbred race horse as part of a complete upper airway evaluation. The horse has had intermittent mild mucoid discharge occasionally for the last 4-6 months. You find the following lesion in the pouch of this horse
Recommend immediate balloon catheterization of the internal carotid artery.
72
which would be most useful in determining the prognosis for survival in a horse with colic
heart rate
73
A three month old foal has a cough, bilateral purulent nasal discharge, tachypnea, fever and distended stifle joints. Which of the following etiologies is the best single explanation for these findings
r. equi
74
What dietary change may help in the treatment of both polysaccharide storage myopathy and recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis
Reduce the amount of grain and increase the amount of fat
75
Which of the following statements best describes the grounds for diagnosing uncomplicated anterior uveitis in a horse presenting with red eye(s), blepharospasm and photophobia:
unilateral or bilateral | the cornea will be fluorescein negative
76
Which is the predominant cell type in the BAL of horses with RAO
neutrophils

lam (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions