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exam2 Flashcards

1
Q

4th most common site of neoplasia in dogs and cats

A

oral

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2
Q

oral tumors are often large on presentation especially at these locations

A

caudal

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3
Q

big 3 differentials for an oral tumor in a dogs

A

melanoma
SCC
fibrosarcoma

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4
Q

big 2 differentials in a cat with an oral tumor

A

SCC

fibrosarcoma

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5
Q

T/F

the best way to access an oral tumor for biopsy is through the lips

A

FALSE – never do this

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6
Q

if an oral tumor is proliferative what is the preferred biopsy method

A

shave biopsy

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7
Q

rads for bone lysis evidence are not evident until what percent cortical destruction

A

> 40%

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8
Q

T/F

oral tumors metastasize to their regional lymph nodes which are the mandibular

A

false – only 55% will do this

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9
Q

non pigmented variant of melanoma

A

amelanotic melanoma

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10
Q

melanoma classic pigment

A

black

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11
Q

what is the biggest point of failure in surgical control of melanoma

A

75% of cases can be locally controlled by SX

the biggest point of failure is the systemic mets

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12
Q

dog breeds that most commonly get fibrosarcoma

A

labs and goldens

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13
Q

what age dogs typically present with fibrosarcoma

A

younger (7-8)

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14
Q

problem with histo results for fibrosarcomas

A

may come back benign as fibroma but DONT BELIEVE IT

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15
Q

what tends to be the biggest point of failure in fibrosarcoma tx

A

recurrent disease

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16
Q

risk factors of SCC in cats

A

flea collars
smoke exposure
excessive canned tuna

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17
Q

what site is preferred for SCC in cats

A

SUBLINGUAL

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18
Q

arise from the peridontal ligament and often appear similar to gingival hyperplasia

A

odontogenic tumors

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19
Q

common site for Acanthomatous ameloblastomas

A

rostral mandible

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20
Q

T/F

Acanthomatous ameloblastoma have a high metastisis rate

A

false they are locally invasive in the bone but do not metastasize

still need aggressive sx to control

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21
Q

oral tumor gold standard tx

A

aggressive surgical excision
almost always has bone involvement

***peripheral odontogenic fibromas are the exception

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22
Q

margin procurement for malignant oral tumors

A

2cm if malignant

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23
Q

T/F

the more rostral the mass, the easier it is to excise, the better the prognosis

A

true

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24
Q

oral tumor that responds to RT

A

melanoma, scc in dogs

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25
Q

what is the primary issue with chemotherapy for ora tumors

A

local control

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26
Q

T/F

melanoma is chemo responsive

A

false

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27
Q

this parasite can cause sarcomas in the esophagus

A

spirocerca lupi

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28
Q

most commone esophageal tumor

A

SCC – female cats located in the middle 1/3 of esophagus just caudal to the thoracic inlet

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29
Q

1 ddx for esophageal tumor after SCC

A

leiomyosarcoma

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30
Q

genetic breed predisposition for gastric tumors

A

belgian shepherds and chows

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31
Q

clinical signs for gastric tumors

A

most are asymptomatic until they are large enough to effect the outflow

anorexia is common

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32
Q

big 2 differentials for gastric tumors in dogs

A

adenocarcinoma (ACA)

leiomyosarcoma

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33
Q

big differential in cats with gastric tumors

A

LYMPHOMA

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34
Q

preferred site of gastric adenocarcinoma

A

pyloric antrum/lesser curvature

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35
Q

what is seen on positive contrast gastrogram

A

filling defects, lowered gastric emptying, loss of normal rugal folds, mucosal thickening

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36
Q

preferred technique for wrk up and staging gastrci tumors

A

endoscopy – allows for biopsy procurement

assement of resectability

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37
Q

T/F

in DOGS small intestine tumors are more common than large intestine tumors

A

FALSE – but in CATS small intestine tumors are WAY MORE COMMON than large

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38
Q

breed predisposition for intestinal tumors

A

collies and GSD

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39
Q

presenting complaint of intestinal tumors

A

typically older animals, >7

very similar signs for gastric tumors

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40
Q

T/F

endoscopy will allow for access of jejunum and proximal ileum

A

false

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41
Q

why is it important to rule out LSA in gastric and intestinal tumor cases

A

because LSA will not be surgically treated so you may not need to cut open animal

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42
Q

big 3 intestinal tumors in dogs

A

LSA
ACA
Leiomyosarcoma

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43
Q

big 3 intestinal tumors in cats

A

LSA
ACA
MCT

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44
Q

intestinal tumor margin procurement

A

4-8 cm

**mesenteric and regional LN’s should also be assessed, resected, or aspirated

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45
Q

LSA MST in dogs

A

77 days

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46
Q

metastatic rate in dogs for MCT

A

100%
very bad disease
MST is like 16 days - SAD

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47
Q

gastrointestinal stromal tumor - GIST predilection site

A

cecum

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48
Q

most common presenting complaint for chest wall tumors

A

owners notice firm fixed thoracic wall mass

49
Q

most common rub tumor in dogs

A

osteosarcoma

50
Q

top 2 differentials for chest wall tumors

A

OSA

chondrosarcoma

51
Q

how to get tissue dx for chest wall tumor

A

wedge/open biopsy

52
Q

max # of ribs that can be excised in en bloc excision when treating chest wall tumors

A

6

53
Q

T/F

adjunctive chemo is recommended for CSA dogs but not rib OSA

A

FALSE - reverse

54
Q

always place ___ prior to complete chest wall reconstruction

A

thoracostomy tube

55
Q

which has a longer survival time OSA or CSA

A

CSA by a lot – this is why the biopsy pre op is so important

56
Q

1 presenting complaint in lung tumor cats

A

lameness - lung digit syndrome – metastasis to the toes/3rd phalynx

57
Q

most common lung tumor in cats

A

bronchial

58
Q

transthoracic FNS/cytology for lung tumors is more diagnostic in which species

A

cats

59
Q

which lymph nodes do lung tumors metastasize to

A

tracheobronchal

60
Q

essential tool for staging animals with lung tumors

A

CT

61
Q

what should always be done before amputating a cats digits

A

chest rads

62
Q

in a cat with a lung tumor, which gives a longer MST – well differentiated on histo, or poorly differntiated

A

well differentiated is significantly longer MST in cats

63
Q

what is a negative prognostic factor in cats with lung tumors

A

pleural effusion

64
Q

T/F

is a dog is coughing on presentation of lung tumor it means the tumor is large and prognosis is worse

A

true

65
Q

common breeds for histiocytic sarcoma

A

bernese mt dog

flat coated retriever

66
Q

seen on thymoma cytology

A

neoplastic epithelial cell with large numbers of small mature lymphocytes – send out flow cytometry

67
Q

percent of thymomas that are non invasive in cats

A

50-100%

68
Q

gold standard tx for thymoma

A

surgery - median sternotomy

69
Q

T/F

thymomas are RT responsive

A

true

70
Q

most common primary bone tumor in cats and dogs

A

osteosarcoma

71
Q

breeds most commonly affected by osa

A 
large to giant dogs 
great dane 
rottie 
irish wolfie 
greyhounds
72
Q

T/F

1 in 4 rotties neutered before 1 year old have a life time risk of OSA

A

true

73
Q

How to differentiate from OSA tumor vs fungal infection

A

fungal will be systemically ill

74
Q

75-80% of OSA occurs where

A

appendicular skeleton

75
Q

T/F

pelvic limbs are 2x more affected than forelimbs with OSA

A

false

76
Q

most common osa site

A

Distal radius

proximal humerus is 2nd

77
Q

osa favors what area of the bone

A

metaphyseal region

endosteal type osa most common

78
Q

with OSA this is elevated on a CBC/chem profile and is a BAD thing

A

high ALP

79
Q

T/F

OSA does not cross joints

A

true

80
Q

how does OSA appear on rads

A

loss of cortical bone
periosteal proliferation
palisading cortical bone

81
Q

preferred over biopsy for DX OSA

A

FNA/cytology

82
Q

Gold standard for local management of primary bone tumors

A

limb amputation

83
Q

what area of the femur will need most aggressive sx

A

proximal

84
Q

preferred osa site for limb salvage

A

distal radius

85
Q

T/F

adjunctive chemo is recommended in ALL cases of canine OSA

A

true – use carboplatin

86
Q

method of action of biphosphonates in OSA tx

A

inhibit osteoclastic bone resporption

87
Q

MST of OSA with analgesia palliative tx

A

1 -3 months

88
Q

MST of OSA with RT palliative tx

A

4 months

89
Q

MST of OSA with surgery alone

A

4 -6 months

90
Q

MST of OSA with surgery + chemo

A

8-12months

91
Q

feline osa is most common where

A

diaphysis of the pelvic limb bones

less aggressive and MST of 24-49 months

92
Q

the most common cutaneou tumor of dogs

A

mast cell tumor

93
Q

most common cutaneous tumor in cats

A

basal cell tumor

94
Q

breeds known for getting mast cell tumors

A

boxers
bull terriers
bostons
bulldogs

**siamese cats

95
Q

MCT locations on cats

A

most commonly on head and neck

96
Q

what can mast cell tumors often be misdiagnosed as

A

lipomas

97
Q

what are mast cell tumors comprised of

A 
cytoplasmic granules which contain various bioactive substances such as ..
histamine and prostaglandin
heparin
chemotactic factors 
proteolytic enzymes 
serotonin
98
Q

physical disturbances of mct can lead to what

A

degranulation, erythema, swelling

if severe = anaphylaxis and hypotension

99
Q

T/F

dogs with adequate mast cell tumor control will have normal plasma histamine levels

A

true

100
Q

T/F

mast cell tumors commonly metastasize to the lungs

A

FALSE they do not

101
Q

most common bladder tumor

A

transitional cell carcinoma

102
Q

most common non neoplastic ddx for bladder tumors

A

polypoid cystitis

103
Q

1 dog breed for TCC

A

scotties

104
Q

what are some risk factors for bladder neoplasia

A

topical insecticide and herbicide exposure

environmental pollutions
obsesity
female gender
breed

105
Q

most common location for TCC

A

the trigone

106
Q

rectal exam findings for dogs with TCC

A

thickened urethra/iliac lymph nodes

107
Q

60-70% of dog mammary gland tumors occer here

A

4 and 5 because greater volume of tissue

108
Q

T/F

almost all cat mammary gland tumors are malignant carcinomas

A

true – in dogs its 50:50 with benign

109
Q

T/F

an OHE should always be performed when removing mammary gland tumors

A

true

110
Q

mammary gland tumors > __cm is the worst prognosis

A

5cm or greater

111
Q

highest met rate of all sarcomas

A

synovial cell sarcoma

112
Q

T/F

synovial cell sarcoma does not cross joints

A

false - does

113
Q

T/F

tumors of smooth muscle can cause paraneoplastic syndome and hypoglycemia

A

true

114
Q

T/F

dx feline ISS with excisional biopsy

A

false - dont do that

115
Q

what is the current treatment surgery recommendation for feline ISS

A

surgical excision with 5cm radius and 2 muscle planes deep

116
Q

most common hemoatopoietic tumor

A

lymphoma

117
Q

which is more likely to spread

lymphocytic or lymphoblastic

A

lymphoblastic lymphomas

118
Q

how does CHOP work for lymphoma

A

C- cyclophosphamide
H - doxorubricin
O - vincristine
P - prednisolone

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