exam2 Flashcards
4th most common site of neoplasia in dogs and cats
oral
oral tumors are often large on presentation especially at these locations
caudal
big 3 differentials for an oral tumor in a dogs
melanoma
SCC
fibrosarcoma
big 2 differentials in a cat with an oral tumor
SCC
fibrosarcoma
T/F
the best way to access an oral tumor for biopsy is through the lips
FALSE – never do this
if an oral tumor is proliferative what is the preferred biopsy method
shave biopsy
rads for bone lysis evidence are not evident until what percent cortical destruction
> 40%
T/F
oral tumors metastasize to their regional lymph nodes which are the mandibular
false – only 55% will do this
non pigmented variant of melanoma
amelanotic melanoma
melanoma classic pigment
black
what is the biggest point of failure in surgical control of melanoma
75% of cases can be locally controlled by SX
the biggest point of failure is the systemic mets
dog breeds that most commonly get fibrosarcoma
labs and goldens
what age dogs typically present with fibrosarcoma
younger (7-8)
problem with histo results for fibrosarcomas
may come back benign as fibroma but DONT BELIEVE IT
what tends to be the biggest point of failure in fibrosarcoma tx
recurrent disease
risk factors of SCC in cats
flea collars
smoke exposure
excessive canned tuna
what site is preferred for SCC in cats
SUBLINGUAL
arise from the peridontal ligament and often appear similar to gingival hyperplasia
odontogenic tumors
common site for Acanthomatous ameloblastomas
rostral mandible
T/F
Acanthomatous ameloblastoma have a high metastisis rate
false they are locally invasive in the bone but do not metastasize
still need aggressive sx to control
oral tumor gold standard tx
aggressive surgical excision
almost always has bone involvement
***peripheral odontogenic fibromas are the exception
margin procurement for malignant oral tumors
2cm if malignant
T/F
the more rostral the mass, the easier it is to excise, the better the prognosis
true
oral tumor that responds to RT
melanoma, scc in dogs
what is the primary issue with chemotherapy for ora tumors
local control
T/F
melanoma is chemo responsive
false
this parasite can cause sarcomas in the esophagus
spirocerca lupi
most commone esophageal tumor
SCC – female cats located in the middle 1/3 of esophagus just caudal to the thoracic inlet
1 ddx for esophageal tumor after SCC
leiomyosarcoma
genetic breed predisposition for gastric tumors
belgian shepherds and chows
clinical signs for gastric tumors
most are asymptomatic until they are large enough to effect the outflow
anorexia is common
big 2 differentials for gastric tumors in dogs
adenocarcinoma (ACA)
leiomyosarcoma
big differential in cats with gastric tumors
LYMPHOMA
preferred site of gastric adenocarcinoma
pyloric antrum/lesser curvature
what is seen on positive contrast gastrogram
filling defects, lowered gastric emptying, loss of normal rugal folds, mucosal thickening
preferred technique for wrk up and staging gastrci tumors
endoscopy – allows for biopsy procurement
assement of resectability
T/F
in DOGS small intestine tumors are more common than large intestine tumors
FALSE – but in CATS small intestine tumors are WAY MORE COMMON than large
breed predisposition for intestinal tumors
collies and GSD
presenting complaint of intestinal tumors
typically older animals, >7
very similar signs for gastric tumors
T/F
endoscopy will allow for access of jejunum and proximal ileum
false
why is it important to rule out LSA in gastric and intestinal tumor cases
because LSA will not be surgically treated so you may not need to cut open animal
big 3 intestinal tumors in dogs
LSA
ACA
Leiomyosarcoma
big 3 intestinal tumors in cats
LSA
ACA
MCT
intestinal tumor margin procurement
4-8 cm
**mesenteric and regional LN’s should also be assessed, resected, or aspirated
LSA MST in dogs
77 days
metastatic rate in dogs for MCT
100%
very bad disease
MST is like 16 days - SAD
gastrointestinal stromal tumor - GIST predilection site
cecum
most common presenting complaint for chest wall tumors
owners notice firm fixed thoracic wall mass
most common rub tumor in dogs
osteosarcoma
top 2 differentials for chest wall tumors
OSA
chondrosarcoma
how to get tissue dx for chest wall tumor
wedge/open biopsy
max # of ribs that can be excised in en bloc excision when treating chest wall tumors
6
T/F
adjunctive chemo is recommended for CSA dogs but not rib OSA
FALSE - reverse
always place ___ prior to complete chest wall reconstruction
thoracostomy tube
which has a longer survival time OSA or CSA
CSA by a lot – this is why the biopsy pre op is so important
1 presenting complaint in lung tumor cats
lameness - lung digit syndrome – metastasis to the toes/3rd phalynx
most common lung tumor in cats
bronchial
transthoracic FNS/cytology for lung tumors is more diagnostic in which species
cats
which lymph nodes do lung tumors metastasize to
tracheobronchal
essential tool for staging animals with lung tumors
CT
what should always be done before amputating a cats digits
chest rads
in a cat with a lung tumor, which gives a longer MST – well differentiated on histo, or poorly differntiated
well differentiated is significantly longer MST in cats
what is a negative prognostic factor in cats with lung tumors
pleural effusion
T/F
is a dog is coughing on presentation of lung tumor it means the tumor is large and prognosis is worse
true
common breeds for histiocytic sarcoma
bernese mt dog
flat coated retriever
seen on thymoma cytology
neoplastic epithelial cell with large numbers of small mature lymphocytes – send out flow cytometry
percent of thymomas that are non invasive in cats
50-100%
gold standard tx for thymoma
surgery - median sternotomy
T/F
thymomas are RT responsive
true
most common primary bone tumor in cats and dogs
osteosarcoma
breeds most commonly affected by osa
large to giant dogs great dane rottie irish wolfie greyhounds
T/F
1 in 4 rotties neutered before 1 year old have a life time risk of OSA
true
How to differentiate from OSA tumor vs fungal infection
fungal will be systemically ill
75-80% of OSA occurs where
appendicular skeleton
T/F
pelvic limbs are 2x more affected than forelimbs with OSA
false
most common osa site
Distal radius
proximal humerus is 2nd
osa favors what area of the bone
metaphyseal region
endosteal type osa most common
with OSA this is elevated on a CBC/chem profile and is a BAD thing
high ALP
T/F
OSA does not cross joints
true
how does OSA appear on rads
loss of cortical bone
periosteal proliferation
palisading cortical bone
preferred over biopsy for DX OSA
FNA/cytology
Gold standard for local management of primary bone tumors
limb amputation
what area of the femur will need most aggressive sx
proximal
preferred osa site for limb salvage
distal radius
T/F
adjunctive chemo is recommended in ALL cases of canine OSA
true – use carboplatin
method of action of biphosphonates in OSA tx
inhibit osteoclastic bone resporption
MST of OSA with analgesia palliative tx
1 -3 months
MST of OSA with RT palliative tx
4 months
MST of OSA with surgery alone
4 -6 months
MST of OSA with surgery + chemo
8-12months
feline osa is most common where
diaphysis of the pelvic limb bones
less aggressive and MST of 24-49 months
the most common cutaneou tumor of dogs
mast cell tumor
most common cutaneous tumor in cats
basal cell tumor
breeds known for getting mast cell tumors
boxers
bull terriers
bostons
bulldogs
**siamese cats
MCT locations on cats
most commonly on head and neck
what can mast cell tumors often be misdiagnosed as
lipomas
what are mast cell tumors comprised of
cytoplasmic granules which contain various bioactive substances such as .. histamine and prostaglandin heparin chemotactic factors proteolytic enzymes serotonin
physical disturbances of mct can lead to what
degranulation, erythema, swelling
if severe = anaphylaxis and hypotension
T/F
dogs with adequate mast cell tumor control will have normal plasma histamine levels
true
T/F
mast cell tumors commonly metastasize to the lungs
FALSE they do not
most common bladder tumor
transitional cell carcinoma
most common non neoplastic ddx for bladder tumors
polypoid cystitis
1 dog breed for TCC
scotties
what are some risk factors for bladder neoplasia
topical insecticide and herbicide exposure
environmental pollutions
obsesity
female gender
breed
most common location for TCC
the trigone
rectal exam findings for dogs with TCC
thickened urethra/iliac lymph nodes
60-70% of dog mammary gland tumors occer here
4 and 5 because greater volume of tissue
T/F
almost all cat mammary gland tumors are malignant carcinomas
true – in dogs its 50:50 with benign
T/F
an OHE should always be performed when removing mammary gland tumors
true
mammary gland tumors > __cm is the worst prognosis
5cm or greater
highest met rate of all sarcomas
synovial cell sarcoma
T/F
synovial cell sarcoma does not cross joints
false - does
T/F
tumors of smooth muscle can cause paraneoplastic syndome and hypoglycemia
true
T/F
dx feline ISS with excisional biopsy
false - dont do that
what is the current treatment surgery recommendation for feline ISS
surgical excision with 5cm radius and 2 muscle planes deep
most common hemoatopoietic tumor
lymphoma
which is more likely to spread
lymphocytic or lymphoblastic
lymphoblastic lymphomas
how does CHOP work for lymphoma
C- cyclophosphamide
H - doxorubricin
O - vincristine
P - prednisolone
