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Exam2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Andrew Jackson Hamilton

A

Appointed military governor of Texas & 11th Governor of Texas during Reconstruction (opposed by secessionists)

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2
Q

After Governor Jackson Hamilton, ____ was elected governor

A

James Throckmorton

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3
Q

James Throckmorton (__)

A

Democrat

- Limited rights of blacks

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4
Q

Most blacks became ____ after emancipation

A

sharecroppers

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5
Q

Tenant farmer

A

rented the land

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6
Q

Freedman’s Bureau formed by _____

A

US Army

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7
Q

F. Bureau’s goal

A

help black adjustment and start black schools in south

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8
Q

Black codes aka Jim Crow Laws

A
  • Blacks must have an employment contract
  • Wages could be deducted
  • No black testimony in courts
  • Church oversight
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9
Q

Congressional Reconstruction

A

Congress seized control of reconstruction from President Johnson

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10
Q

Why did congress seize control of reconstruction from President Johnson

A

Radical republicans were angry with happenings in South (black killings), Southern politicians returning to DC

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11
Q

Congressional Reconstruction main events

A

Imposed martial law (appointed Military Generals),

Demanded new State Constitutions (accept 13th, 14th amendments)

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12
Q

14th amendment

A

Citizenship is a birthright

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13
Q

13th amendment

A

no slavery

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14
Q

Takeaway from Congressional Reconstruction

A

brought blacks into government

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15
Q

Texas v White

A

Texas reconstruction government demanded return of US bonds that had been sold illegally by Confederate Texas legislature. Court ruled that once a state, always a state so claim was null

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16
Q

1869 Texas Constitution

A

Blacks could vote –> many blacks elected to Gov’t

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17
Q

Ku Kux Klan founded by

A

Nathan Bedford Forest near end of Civil war

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18
Q

3 versions of KKK

A
  1. Initial, put down by army
  2. 1920s-30s came back
  3. Brown vs Board of Education
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19
Q

KKK scare tactics intended to

A

suppress black vote, increase conservative seats -> abolished public schooling

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20
Q

Redeemers

A

Former confederates during reconstruction

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21
Q

Carpetbagger

A

Politician who came from other states to take advantage of disarray

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22
Q

Scallawags

A

Politician who tried to take advantage of disarray

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23
Q

Texas Redeemer Const of 1876

A
  • “Let power reside in customs, traditions”

- Low taxes

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24
Q

Compromise of 1877

A

Hays vs Tilden election undecided so —> allowed Hays to win but had to end southern occupation

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25
Q

Compromise of 1877 marked ___

A

the end of Reconstruction

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26
Q

Morrill-Land-Grant Act of 1862

A
  • Federal land granted to states for Agr & Mechanical education
  • Sold 180,000 acres to fund Texas A&M
  • Federal funding held back until A&M admitted blacks
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27
Q

Progressie Era 1900-1920s

A
  • Most populist policies got implemented

- Black percentage in Texas fell due to increased population of blacks

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28
Q

Populism Era marked by

A
  • Farmer’s Alliance
  • People’s party
  • Labor activism
  • Racial cooperation
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29
Q

Progressive Era marked by

A
  • era of reform
  • Govt viewed as problem solver
  • Racial segregation (legal)
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30
Q

Progressive Era immigration

A

huge influx from east, south Europe (up to 1922)

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31
Q

Progressive immigration urbanization

A

elevators, cars, higher buildings

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32
Q

Progressive era labor

A

Child labor issues

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33
Q

Theme of Prog. Era

A

feeling between both parties that Gov should play an important role

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34
Q

Progressive Era Natural Disasters

A
  • Galveston 1900 Hurricane
  • General Slocum Steamboat Fire
  • Triangle Disaster Fire (shirtwaist factory)
  • Titanic
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35
Q

Progressive Era Natural disasters led to

A

Public safety issue awareness -> building codes, regulations, food safety laws

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36
Q

Joseph Daley

A

senator that took money from corporations, opposed progressivism

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37
Q

Gov. Campbell (TX)

A
  • Supported progressivist movements
  • Bank insurance law
  • Changed schooling laws
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38
Q

18th Amendment

A

Prohibition

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39
Q

Prohibition

A
  • Long time coming (men were heavy drinkers)
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40
Q

Leader in prohibition movment

A

Jenny Beauchamp (TX)

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41
Q

Presidents associated with Prohibition

A

Teddy Roosvelt
Taft
W. Wilson

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42
Q

Federal Reserve was created by

A

W. Wilson

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43
Q

16th amendment

A

Income tax

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44
Q

17th amendment

A

Direct election of Senator

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45
Q

19th amendment

A

Women’s vote

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46
Q

Gov James Ferguson

A
  • 1st state mental institution
  • Conservation
  • Drivers licenses
  • Speed limits
  • Opposed compulsory school attendance
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47
Q

Opposed Ferguson, supported Women’s right to vote

A

William Hobby

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48
Q

Minnie Fisher Cunningham

A

Founded woman’s rights club

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49
Q

Paradoxes of Progressivism

A
  1. Prohibition (step too far)
  2. Racial segregation
  3. White Primaries
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50
Q

Plessy vs Ferguson

A

Upheld constitutionality of segregation (“separate but equal”)

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51
Q

Oil boom in Tx during

A

1920’s

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52
Q

Permanent University Fund created under

A

Redeemer constitution

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53
Q

Indian Policy

A

established relationship between the US govt and Indian tribes

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54
Q

Comanche Leader of Quahadi band of Comanche people, son of Cynthia Ann Parker

A

Quanah Parker

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55
Q

Cynthia Ann Parker

A

Captured white girl from Texas, assimilated into Comanche culture, refused assimilation

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56
Q

Adobe Walls

A

Battle between US army and American indians in Adobe Walls Texas

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57
Q

Texas Population Changes

A

In-migrants from South after reconstruction, five cities with more than 20k people

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58
Q

Cattle Ranching

A

Depletion of buffalo leaves grazing land for cattle –> cattle ranching boom

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59
Q

XIT Ranch

A

Largest ranch in TX created by the state to raise money to fund state capital in Austin

60
Q

Barbed Wire

A

Patent filed by Joseph Living and led to end of open range, creating land disputes

61
Q

Law West of the Pecos

A

Judge Roy Bean

62
Q

Who said “West of the Pecos there is no law, west of the Pecos there is no God”

A

Judge Roy Bean

63
Q

Reorganized Texas Rangers

A

Formed to maintain slavery before the Republic of Texas. They were disbanded during reconstruction, but Redeemers reconstituted them

64
Q

The New South

A

term given to development of Southern economy after slavery with increase in urbanization

65
Q

What led to urbanization in Tx

A

Railroads

66
Q

Farmer’s Alliance

A

Founded in Lampasas County, became politically active, opposing monopolistic transportation (railroads)

67
Q

Cleburne Demands

A

Farmer’s Alliance called for reform in land ownership, increase in money supply, and government regulation of railroads

68
Q

Populist Movement

A

Political campaign that welcomed women, blacks. Wanted to issue money based on value of crops

69
Q

People’s Party

A

called for abolition of national banks, graduated income tax, direct election of senators, 8hr working day, and government control of railroads, telegraphs, and telephones

70
Q

Bimetalism

A

System allowing unrestricted currency of two metals as legal tender at a fixed ratio

71
Q

Sub-treasury Plan

A

Cotton placed in government warehouses at harvest time, loans made available up to 80% value, 2% interest rate

72
Q

Election of 1896

A

Republic William McKinley (gold standard platform) vs Democrat William Jennings Bryan (free silver platform)

73
Q

Free silver platform

A

advocated an expansionary monetary policy featuring unlimited coinage of silver

74
Q

Winner of 1896 Election

A

William Mckinley (gold standard platform)

75
Q

Lost Cause Ideology

A

Portrayed Confederate cause as a heroic one against great odds despite its defeat while downplaying central role of slavery

76
Q

Confederate Memorials

A

Huge boom of memorials during early 20th century to promote Lost Cause and Antebellum Culture

77
Q

Jesse Washington

A

Black teenage farmhand lynched in Waco, Tx for raping and murdering wife of white employer

78
Q

Rosenwald Schools

A

State of the art schools for blacks in the rural south built by Booker T Washington and Julius Rosenwald

79
Q

Farmers’ Improvement Society

A

Helped poor farmers escape cycle of debt caused by share-cropping and credit system

80
Q

Texas Convict Leasing System

A

Leased convicts to companies needing labor (railroads, etc…)

81
Q

Mexican Revolution 1910

A

Revolt against Porfirio Diaz led by Pancho Villa following rigged election against Fracisco Madero

82
Q

Current Mexican constitution (1917)

A

Enacted by Venustiano Carranza

83
Q

Villistas

A

Pancho Villa followers during Mexican revolution

84
Q

Mexican Punitive Expedition

A

President Wilson sent troops to capture Pancho Villa

85
Q

Zimmerman Memo

A

Secret German memo proposing a military alliance with Mexico before WWI, sparking American outrage and support for US declaration of war on Germany

86
Q

Camp Logan

A

WWI army training camp built by blacks soldiers, ravaged by Flu

87
Q

Camp Logan Riot

A

riot triggered by belief that fellow black soldier was unfairly incarcerated in Houston

88
Q

Birth of a Nation

A

Pro south film portraying Civil War and Reconstruction

89
Q

Birth of a Nation reception

A

Very popular, helped inspire 2nd KKK

90
Q

Nativism

A

Movement to restrict immigration using things like literacy tests, followed by eugenics movement in the 20s

91
Q

First female governor of Texas

A

Ma ferguson

92
Q

Ma Ferguson’s husband

A

Governor James Ferguson (impeached and convicted)

93
Q

Ma Ferguson’s views

A

Firm stance against KKK and Prohibition

94
Q

Great Depression

A

Severe worldwide economic depression after Black Tuesday

95
Q

Dust Bowl

A

Period of severe dust storms damaging the ecology and agriculture during the 1930s

96
Q

Boll Weevil

A

Snout beetle that was devastating to cotton farming for 30 yrs

97
Q

New Deal

A

Series of federal programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations in response to Great Depression

98
Q

Texas Centennial 1936

A

World fair at Fair Park in Dallas celebrating 100th anniversary of Texas independence from Mexico

99
Q

Texas Centennial 1936

A

World fair at Fair Park in Dallas celebrating 100th anniversary of Texas independence from Mexico, buffered Dallas from Great Depression

100
Q

League of United Latin American Citizens

A

Oldest Latino civil rights organization established in Corpus Christi Texas by Hispanic WWI veterans who sought to end ethnic discrimination

101
Q

Emma Tenayuca

A

Mexican American labor leader, union organizer and educator known for organizing Mexican workers in Texas and leading the Souther Pecan Shelling worker’s strike

102
Q

Klan Imperial Wizard

A

Hiram Evans (TX)

103
Q

When did US become a superpower?

A

During WWII

104
Q

Fort Hood

A

tank training camp

105
Q

Labor shortage during WWII

A

led to labor shortage, hired women, blacks

106
Q

Bracero Program

A

Legal mexican immigration to supply labor for ww2

107
Q

Oveta Culp Hobby

A

Highest ranking military woman during WWII

108
Q

James Earl Rudder

A

Military Hero who brought women into Texas a&m

109
Q

Camp Hearne

A

50,000 Prisoners of War held with LAX security

110
Q

Effects of WW2 on cities

A

Drew labor into cities, boosted urbanization

111
Q

Smith v Allwright (1944)

A

Black dentists Smith was denied right to vote by primary official Allwright. Decision overturned law authorizing primary internal rules (white primaries)

112
Q

Texas Regulars formed in response to

A

Smith v Allwright

113
Q

Texas Regulars were

A

group from TX formed to deny FDR a majority of the electoral college, lost decisively, however

114
Q

Regulars viewpoints

A

States rights, anti-communism, white supremacy

115
Q

States Rights Democratic Party aka

A

Dixiecrats

116
Q

Dixiecrat views

A

Segregationist, protect state’s rights, retain Jim Crow laws

117
Q

Mexican Americans exceed African Americans in TX

A

due to the Bracero program and immigration

118
Q

American GI Forum

A

Hispanic civil rights organization formed due to outrage to Felix Longoria Affiar

119
Q

Felix Longoria Affair

A

Cemetary owner didn’t allow Felix Longoria to be buried there

120
Q

Sweatt v Painter

A

Sweatt rejected from UT school of law based on race, Supreme Court ruled alternative school unequal to UT Law

121
Q

Brown v Board of Education

A

Plessy v Ferguson repealed, school segregation repealed

122
Q

Barbara Smith Conrad “When I Rise”

A

Center Point, TX opera singer who wasnt allowed into UT musical. Became world renowned opera singer

123
Q

Governor Alan Shivers Interposition

A

Shivers led democratic conservative faction, interposition

124
Q

Interposition

A

claimed right of US state to oppose actions of federal govt that state deems unconstitutional

125
Q

First Tejano elected to Congress

A

Henry Gonzales

126
Q

Great Society

A

1964, LBJ’s policies of fighting poverty and racial injustice

127
Q

War on Poverty

A

LBJ’s program to provide more social services for the poor and elderly

128
Q

Civil Rights Act

A

Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex and national origin. Ended unequal voter registration requirements, racial segregation in schools and employment

129
Q

Voting Rights Act 1965

A

Removed poll tax, literacy tests

130
Q

Bilingual Education ACt

A

Directed school districts to set up classes for immigrants in their own language while they were learning English

131
Q

Barbara Jordan

A

1st Texan woman elected to TX Congress

132
Q

Why did white voters leave Dem party?

A

After George Wallace (pro-segregation) lost on an independent ticket, whites left to become Republicans, blacks joined Dem party

133
Q

Freedom riders

A

rode integrated buses into segregated states

134
Q

SNCC

A

organized sit-ins

135
Q

Chicano movement

A

Farm workers movement became Chicano movement, promoted latin arts, literature, politics, and civil rights

136
Q

La raza unida

A

Political party centered on Chicano nationalism, capaigned for better housing, work, and educational opportunities for Mexican Americans

137
Q

Corridos

A

Storytelling songs popular during Chicano movement

138
Q

Oil embargo, 1973

A

OPEC placed embargo on oil headed to US due to arming of Israel, made prices skyrocket. Made Texas oil valuable

139
Q

Oil boom and bust 70s-80s

A

Economic boom in Tx due to embargo, in 80s price declined and oil companies suffered greatly

140
Q

Reagan Bush Era deregulation

A

economy is better with little government regulation

141
Q

Sen Lloyd Bentsen

A

Senator from Texas on Dem ticket

142
Q

George HW Bush

A

Reagan’s VP during 80s, elected President in 88

143
Q

Ross Perot

A

Tx businessman known for running for President. Founder of Electronic Data Systems

144
Q

Governor Ann Richards

A

45th governor of Texas, second female govr and 39th democrat

145
Q

NAFTA

A

CANADA, US, MX trade agreement eliminating barriers and facilitating cross-border movment between countries

Texas History (1 decks)

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