Exam2 Flashcards
1⃣He was a French priest who was the successor of Abbe’ deL ‘Epee
2⃣he continued working in Paris at the deaf school and continued his research
Abbe’ Sicard
✅Who founded the first Deaf school in Paris in 1755?
✅ & added to natural signs & invented “signes methodigues.”
Abbe’ deL ‘Epee
Who…..
1⃣ worked with Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet
2⃣ created ASL from blending French sign & American indigenous signs
3⃣ he was a Deaf teacher
4⃣ helped establish schools in America & the FIRST school in CT
Laurent Clerc
✅ His daughter was Deaf
✅ funded Gallaudet’s trip to Europe
✅ instrumental in establishing first Deaf school in America
Mason Cogswell
Who…..
1⃣ Went to Europe to study Deaf education?
2⃣ Worked with Laurent Clerc to create ASL
3⃣ Helped establish the first Deaf school in CT?
Thomas Hopkins Galludet
Who…..
1⃣ Was considered the Hero of the Oral Method?
2⃣ Wanted to ban sign language
3⃣ Believed in Eugenics
Alexander Graham Bell
Who….
1⃣ was a Military officer who established ORAL schools in Germany.
Samuel Heinicke
Who….
1⃣ established ORAL schools in England with him family
Thomas Braidwood
Who….
1⃣ was an English professor at Gallaudet University
2⃣ proved that ASL was a true language through his linguistic research
William Stokoe
Who….
1⃣ Was the first president at Gallaudet University
2⃣ was a CODA
3⃣ he was hearing, his mother was Deaf.
Edward Miner Gallaudet
This school was founded in 1755 in Paris by Abbe’ deL Epee’
The World’s First Public School for the Deaf: National Institution for Deaf-Mutes
1⃣This school was the FIRST school established in America.
2⃣This school was established in Hartford, CT in 1817 by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, Laurent Clerc, and Mason Cogswell.
3⃣Currently uses a Total Communication Model.
American School for the Deaf
1⃣ This was the most celebrated school in the world for the Oral method.
2⃣ Established in North Hampton, MA 1867.
Clarke School for the Deaf
1⃣ This school was established in Brattleboro, VT 1912
2⃣ it accepts and uses ASL in a bilingual/ bicultural approach
Austine school for the Deaf
1⃣ One of the first old residential schools established in Rome, NY 1875
New York State School for the Deaf
1⃣ Residential school in Federick, MD 1868
2⃣ It was an institutional setting that had administration, classrooms, dorms, all in the same building.
Maryland School for the Deaf
1⃣ There were scandals that arose here involving inappropriate actions of the headmaster towards students.
2⃣ This was built in the traditional institutional style of the time. 1820
Pennsylvania School for the Deaf
What was the Atmosphere of 19th Century Traditional Institutions for the Deaf like? (4⃣)
1⃣ It was a way to remove deaf ppl off the streets
2⃣ architecture looked similar to prisons
3⃣ administrators have a lot of power and control over the students
4⃣ It was a great place for students to develop and identify as a Deaf person, Sign Language was accepted.
1⃣ First college established in 1864 in Washington, D.C.
2⃣ Edward Miner Gallaudet was the first president
3⃣ There was a protest in 1988 to get a Deaf President.
Gallaudet University
Changes in Deaf Education after the 1950’s (2⃣)
1⃣ Less students attended residential schools
2⃣ More students attended mainstream programs, there were more options available.
What is PL 94-142?
#⃣ Public Law 94-142. 1⃣ The "education of all handicapped children act" was signed into law in 1975. 2⃣ It mandated the right to free public education designed to fit the individual needs of each child at the public expense.
What is LRE?
#⃣Least Restrictive Environment 1⃣residential schools were considered more restrictive than mainstream settings. 2⃣there was a controversy to what was considered the LRE for a deaf child.
This is when deaf students are integrated into reg classrooms with special services such as interpreters
Mainstreaming
Who are the teachers in Manual schools?
Manualists
Who are the teachers in Oral Schools?
Oralists
1⃣ This was started by oralists because of the virtual lack of academics
2⃣ Provided practical, valuable training and experience
3⃣ Taught them something they could later use to be self supporting
Industrial/ Vocational Schools
What is paternalism?
to view an individual or group as flawed, incomplete, dependent. #⃣both oralists and manualists held paternalistic views toward deaf #⃣both saw deaf as dependent on the hearing, but for diff reasons.
Manualists Attitude towards deafness and deaf people
Ⓜ️ viewed them with fear and pity
Ⓜ️ viewed them as being in darkness (without god)
Oralists attitude towards Deaf People and Deafness
What was the goal on the role of deaf education? Ⓜ️ &
Manualists➡️ wanted to save the deaf by bringing them religion
Oralists ➡️ wanted to make the deaf more like the hearing.
Manualists view on Sign Language 4⃣
Ⓜ️The valued and revered
Ⓜ️saw it as a language
Ⓜ️learned it to use in teaching the deaf
Ⓜ️saw it as a gift from god
Oralists view on sign language 3⃣
view and the meaning of facial expressions Ⓜ️ &
Ⓜ️ manualists saw this as part of sign language, key element
attitude of deaf adults on oralism 3⃣
Common belief throughout the 19th century,
SIGN PRECEDED SPEECH Ⓜ️ &
Ⓜ️ looked at this belief with pride
Ⓜ️ they saw sign as natural language of mankind, closer to creation
Educational Focus: Manual Schools
Ⓜ️ entrance age 10-11 yrs
Ⓜ️ class size: 30
Ⓜ️ teachers were male, college educated.
Educational Focus: Oral programs
Attitude towards deaf adults Ⓜ️ and
Ⓜ️ valued deaf adults and used them as teachers
