Exam1

Question 1

1. How many and what types of covalent bonds (single/double) can a carbon atom have?

Answer 1

4 single bonds

Question 2

1. All organic molecules contain____________________and _________________________.

Answer 2

Hydrogen and carbon

Question 3

Name four categories of organic molecules:

Answer 3

A.Carbohydrates

B.Lipids

C.Proteins

D.Nucleic Acids

Question 4

What type of reaction is responsible for the building of polymer?

Answer 4

Dehydration reaction: synthesizing a polymer

Question 5

What type of reaction is responsible for the breaking down of polymer?

Answer 5

Hydrolysis: breaking down a polymer

Question 6

What atoms make up carbohydrates

Answer 6

hydrogen oxygen and carbon

Question 7

What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms present in all carbohydrates

Answer 7

2:1

Question 8

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?

Answer 8

Monosaccharide

Disaccharide

Polysaccharide

Question 9

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

Answer 9

Monosaccharide

Question 10

What are three types of lipids?

Answer 10

triglycerides

Phospholipids

Steroids

Eicanosoids

Question 11

What property characterizes Lipids?

Answer 11

A.fats and oils

Question 12

What is the difference between fats and oils

Answer 12

Fatty acids differ

• in chain length with each fat
• in location and number of double bonds

within the hydrocarbon chains

Hydrogenated oils

• unsaturated fats chemically converted to saturated by adding hydrogens
• prevents their separation into an oil form – keeps them solid

Question 13

Describe a saturated fatty acid

Answer 13

Saturated fat molecules packed closely together

Question 14

What is the difference between a phospholipid and a triglyceride?

Answer 14

Phospholipids = •glycerol + 2 fatty acids

Triglyceride = glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Question 15

Where would you find phospholipids?

Answer 15

plasma membranes

Question 16

1. What is the basic structure of a steroid?

Answer 16

4 carbon rings fused together with various functional groups

Question 17

1. What molecule is considered the “base” steroid?

Answer 17

•Cholesterol

Question 18

1. What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 18

amino acid

Question 19

List the possible functions of proteins

Answer 19

Structure: Collagen in skin, keratin in hair

Movement: Actin and myosin in muscle

Defense: Antibodies

Storage: Albumin in egg white

Signaling: Growth hormone

Catalyzing reactions: enzymes

Question 20

How many different amino acids can be found?

Answer 20

22 amino acids

Question 21

1. Which group is given a particular characteristic to an amino acid?

Answer 21

• polar aa (amino acid)
• non-polar aa
• electrically charged aa (basic or acidic)

Question 22

What is the name of the bond that joins amino acids?

Answer 22

peptide bond

Question 23

1. How many levels of organization does a protein have?

Answer 23

4 levels primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

Question 24

1. What are the two types of nucleic acids?

Answer 24

• DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• RNA: Ribonucleic acid

Question 25

What is the role of DNA?

Answer 25

The genetic material that humans and other organisms inherit from their parents consists of

Question 26

What is the role of RNA?

Answer 26

coding, decoding, regulation and expression of gene

Question 27

1. What is the building block of nucleic acids?

Answer 27

nucleotides

Question 28

What are the three parts of this monomer(nucleic acis)?

Answer 28

5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 29

What is the 5’ end of a nucleic acid?

Answer 29

Sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 30

1. What is the 3’ end of a nucleic acid?

Answer 30

Polynucleotide, or nucleic acid

Question 31

1. What is the difference between monosaccharides and disaccharides?

Answer 31

monosaccharides -contains 3 - 7 Carbons disaccharides--2 sugars linked together

Question 32

Give two examples of monosaccharides

Answer 32

- 3 carbons: glyceraldehyde - 5 carbons: ribose - 6 carbons: glucose, fructose

Question 33

1. Give the name of the 3 polysaccharides seen in class and their function

Answer 33

–Starch: storage of glucose in plants. –Glycogen: storage of glucose in animals. –Cellulose found in plant cell walls

Question 34

involves food storage in plants

Answer 34

polysaccarides ex:–Starch: storage of glucose in plants.

Question 35

what is cellulose for?

Answer 35

•Major component of the tough wall of plant cells

Question 36

Identify Structure

Answer 36

Frustose Monosaccharides has 6 carbons

Question 37

identify sctructure

Answer 37

Disaccharide has 2 sugar links