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Biology 6 > Exam1 > Flashcards

Exam1 Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. How many and what types of covalent bonds (single/double) can a carbon atom have?
A

4 single bonds

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2
Q
  1. All organic molecules contain____________________and _________________________.
A

Hydrogen and carbon

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3
Q

Name four categories of organic molecules:

A

A.Carbohydrates

B.Lipids

C.Proteins

D.Nucleic Acids

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4
Q

What type of reaction is responsible for the building of polymer?

A

Dehydration reaction: synthesizing a polymer

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5
Q

What type of reaction is responsible for the breaking down of polymer?

A

Hydrolysis: breaking down a polymer

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6
Q

What atoms make up carbohydrates

A

hydrogen oxygen and carbon

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7
Q

What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms present in all carbohydrates

A

2:1

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharide

Disaccharide

Polysaccharide

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9
Q

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharide

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10
Q

What are three types of lipids?

A

triglycerides

Phospholipids

Steroids

Eicanosoids

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11
Q

What property characterizes Lipids?

A

A.fats and oils

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12
Q

What is the difference between fats and oils

A

Fatty acids differ

  • in chain length with each fat
  • in location and number of double bonds

within the hydrocarbon chains

Hydrogenated oils

  • unsaturated fats chemically converted to saturated by adding hydrogens
  • prevents their separation into an oil form – keeps them solid
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13
Q

Describe a saturated fatty acid

A

Saturated fat molecules packed closely together

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14
Q

What is the difference between a phospholipid and a triglyceride?

A

Phospholipids = •glycerol + 2 fatty acids

Triglyceride = glycerol + 3 fatty acids

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15
Q

Where would you find phospholipids?

A

plasma membranes

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16
Q
  1. What is the basic structure of a steroid?
A

4 carbon rings fused together with various functional groups

17
Q
  1. What molecule is considered the “base” steroid?
A

•Cholesterol

18
Q
  1. What are the building blocks of proteins?
A

amino acid

19
Q

List the possible functions of proteins

A

Structure: Collagen in skin, keratin in hair

Movement: Actin and myosin in muscle

Defense: Antibodies

Storage: Albumin in egg white

Signaling: Growth hormone

Catalyzing reactions: enzymes

20
Q

How many different amino acids can be found?

A

22 amino acids

21
Q
  1. Which group is given a particular characteristic to an amino acid?
A
  • polar aa (amino acid)
  • non-polar aa
  • electrically charged aa (basic or acidic)
22
Q

What is the name of the bond that joins amino acids?

A

peptide bond

23
Q
  1. How many levels of organization does a protein have?
A

4 levels primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

24
Q
  1. What are the two types of nucleic acids?
A
  • DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid
  • RNA: Ribonucleic acid
25
Q

What is the role of DNA?

A

The genetic material that humans and other organisms inherit from their parents consists of

26
Q

What is the role of RNA?

A

coding, decoding, regulation and expression of gene

27
Q
  1. What is the building block of nucleic acids?
A

nucleotides

28
Q

What are the three parts of this monomer(nucleic acis)?

A

5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

29
Q

What is the 5’ end of a nucleic acid?

A

Sugar-phosphate backbone

30
Q
  1. What is the 3’ end of a nucleic acid?
A

Polynucleotide, or nucleic acid

31
Q
  1. What is the difference between monosaccharides and disaccharides?
A

monosaccharides -contains 3 - 7 Carbons

disaccharides–2 sugars linked together

32
Q

Give two examples of monosaccharides

A
  • 3 carbons: glyceraldehyde
  • 5 carbons: ribose
  • 6 carbons: glucose, fructose
33
Q
  1. Give the name of the 3 polysaccharides seen in class and their function
A

–Starch: storage of glucose in plants.

–Glycogen: storage of glucose in animals.

–Cellulose found in plant cell walls

34
Q

involves food storage in plants

A

polysaccarides

ex:–Starch: storage of glucose in plants.

35
Q

what is cellulose for?

A

•Major component of the tough wall of plant cells

36
Q

Identify Structure

A

Frustose

Monosaccharides

has 6 carbons

37
Q

identify sctructure

A

Disaccharide

has 2 sugar links

38
Q
A

Biology 6 (1 decks)

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