Exam1 Flashcards by Aleisha Aguilera

What does ALU stand for ?

Arithmetic and logic unit

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What is the F D E cycle called?

Fetch Decode Execute

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A machine language program consists of a sequence of ____ which the CPU interprets as commands

Binary Numbers

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A ___ is close to the level of the computer, which means it resembles
the numeric machine language of the computer more than the natural language of humans.
The easiest languages for people to learn are high-level languages. They are called “high

low-level language

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C was created by whom?

Bell Laboratories

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When a C++ program is written, it must be typed into the computer and saved to a file…True/False

True

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C++ is written in a _____

text editor

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The statements written by the programmer are called ____________

source code

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File saved by C++ is called _________

source file

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After the source code is saved to a file, the process of translating it to machine language
can begin. During the first phase of this process, a program _______ reads the source code

preprocessor

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IDE’s consist of what main components?

text editor, compiler, debugger

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Programming Cycle is composed of 7 items

source code, preprocessor, modified source code, compiler, object code, linker, executable code

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Programming Langues include 5 language elements

key words, programmer defined identifiers, operators, punctuation, syntax

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= is an ____

operator

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a semicolon is part of what programming language element

punctuation

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A __ is a complete instruction that causes the computer to perform some action.

statement

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A ___ is a named storage location in the computer’s memory for holding a piece of data.

variable

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variables are stored in computer’s _____

RAM

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variables are usually _____ and _____

characters and numbers

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A ____ is a diagram that graphically depicts the structure of a program

hierarchy chart

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A ____ is a diagram that shows the logical flow of a program.

flowchart

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______is a cross between human language and a programming language.

pseudocode

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____, also called logic errors, are mistakes that cause a program to produce erroneous results.

logical errors

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// means

comment

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When a line begins with a #it indicates it

is a _______

preprocessor directive

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The ________ contains code that allows a C++ program to display output on
the screen and read input from the keyboard

iostream file

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The iostream file is called a ________file, so it

should be included at the head, or top, of the program.

header

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using namespace std; is a _____ file

header

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The statement using ___ declares that the program will be accessing entities whose names are part of the namespace called std.

namespace std;

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A ___can be thought of as a group of one or

more programming statements that has a name

function

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what is the name of this function? int main()

main

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what character is associated with the beginning and ending of a function

braces {}

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the group of characters

inside the quotation marks is called a ______

string

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what line sends the integer value 0 back to the operating system upon the program’s completion.

return 0;

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Marks the beginning of a comment.

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Marks the beginning of a preprocessor directive.

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Encloses a filename when used with the #include

directive

< >

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Used in naming a function, as in int main()

()

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Encloses a group of statements, such as the contents of a function.

{}

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Encloses a string of characters, such as a message that is to
be printed on the screen.

” “

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Marks the end of a complete programming statement.

;

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___ is used to display information on the computer’s screen.

cout

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When the «

symbol is used this way _____

stream-insertion operator

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endl means

end line

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\nis an example of an

escape sequence

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Causes the cursor to go to the next line for subsequent printing.

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Causes the cursor to skip over to the next tab stop

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The _____ directive causes the contents of another file to be inserted
into the program.

include

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include is part of what library

input-output stream library

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______ represent storage locations in the computer’s memory.

Variables

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_______ are data items whose values cannot change while the program
is running

constants

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number = 5; is an ______ and = is called a _______

assignment statement and the = sign is called the assignment operator.

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The item on the left hand side of an assignment statement must be a _____

variable

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constants variable names must always be ?

CAPITALIZED

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and cannot be used as a variable…true/false

true

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3dGraph can be a variable name..true/false

false

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Mixture#3 can be a variable name..true/false

false

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Integers are whole numbers like −2, 19, and 24. True/False

True

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Floating-point numbers have a decimal

point like −2.35, 19.0, and 0.024 True/False

True

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int data type can hold how many bytes?

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A variable of the ____data type holds only a single character.

char

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what character set type do you reference?

ASCII

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what is the class for string?

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what is the preprocessor header for string?

include

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what is a string variable type?

string object

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Floating-point data types are used to define variables that can hold real numbers. True/False

True

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The floatdata type is considered ____

single precision.

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The doubledata type is usually twice

as big as float, so it is considered ____

double precision

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Boolean variables are set to either ___ or ____

true or false

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A variable’s ___ is the part of the program that has access to the variable.

scope

% is an arithmetic operator to do ?

modulus or remainder = value % 3;

/* is a

multi-line comment

__ can be used to read data typed at the keyboard.

cin

is this correct?

cin&raquo_space; length;

yes

is this correct?

cin &laquo_space;width;

The&raquo_space;symbol is the stream extraction operator..true/false

true

It gets characters from the stream object on its left and stores them in the
variable whose name appears on its right

> >

&laquo_space;and&raquo_space; operators appear to point in the direction that data is flowing..true/false

true

Raising a number to a power requires the use of a ______

library function

what is missing when you want to do an exponent?

area = (4.0, 2);

area = pow(4.0, 2);

does a double outrank higher than a float?

yes

if you want to use setw then you need to use header file ____

include

Floating-point values may be rounded to a number of significant digits, or ____ , which
is the total number of digits that appear before and after the decimal point.

precision

28.92786 with setprecision(3) will show ?

28.9

If a number is too large to print using the number of digits specified with setprecision,
many systems print it in scientific notation so use _____

fixed

____ which indicates that a decimal point should
be printed for a floating-point number, even if the value being displayed has no decimal
112 Chapter 3 Expressions and Interactivity
igits.

showpoint

Sets the display field width to size n

setw(n)

Displays floating-point numbers in fixed (i.e., decimal) form

fixed

Displays the decimal point and trailing zeroes for floating-point numbers even if there is no fractional part

showpoint

If the fixedmanipulator is notset, nindicates the total number of significant digits to display. If the fixedmanipulator is set, nindicates the number of decimal digits to display.

setprecision(n)

This function will read in an entire line, including leading and embedded spaces, and store it in a string object.

getline

correct syntax for getline is ____

getline(cin, inputLine);

The _____ in cin reads a single character, including any whitespace character.

getfunction

If the program is using the getfunction simply to hold the screen until the [Enter]key is
pressed and does not need to store the character, the function can also be called like this:

cin.get();

what does this do?
cout &laquo_space;“Enter a number: “;
cin&raquo_space; number;

reads an integer

what does this do?
cout &laquo_space;“Enter a character: “;
ch = cin.get();

reads a character

This function tells the cin

object to skip characters in the keyboard buffer ___

cin.ignore(n, c);

char name[SIZE]; // name is a set of 12 memory cells

is called a?

c-string

Returns the square root of the argument. The return type and argument are doubles. The argument must be zero or greater.

sqrt

To use the rand()function, you must include the ____header file in your program

cstdlib

The number returned by the rand() function is an ____

int

randomNum = rand(); is an example of the ___ function

rand

rand needs a starting value, called

a _____, to generate the numbers

seed

There are five steps that must be taken when a file is used by a program:

Include the header file needed to perform file input/output.
Define a file stream object.
Open the file.
Use the file.
Close the file.

which header file for a a file IO?

include

Output file stream

ofstream

Input file stream

ifstream

File stream. This data type can be used to open files, write data to them, and
read data from them

fstream

true/false: correct way to open a file?

inputFile.open(“customer.dat”); // Open an input file

true

The ____ operator not only reads user input from the cin object, but it can also be used to
read data from a file

> >

how to call the file stream objects close function to close a file

outputFile.close();

Numeric data is compared in C++ by using _____ _____

relational operators

== is a _______ meaning _____

relational operator meaning equal

!= is

not equal to

if xis 10 and y is 7 then this is true/false:

x <= y

false, because xis not less than or equal to y.

if xis 10 and y is 7 then this is true/false:

y != x

true, because yis not equal to x

True/False, relational operators have a higher precedence than the assignment operator

true

True/False, arithmetic operators have a lower precedence than relational operators

false

when statements are executed in sequence, one after another, without branching off in another direction.

sequence structure

algorithms require a program to execute some statements only under certain circumstances

decision tree

most common way to code a decision structure in C++ is with the ____ statement

true/false: Semicolons do not mark the end of a line, but the end of a complete C++ statement.

true

if (condition); …true/false

false, no semicolon

The ____ statement will execute one set of statements when the if
condition is true, and another set when the condition is false.

if/else

Division by _____ is mathematically impossible to perform and it normally causes a program
to crash.

zero

true/false: The if/else if statement is a chain of if statements. They perform their
tests, one after the other, until one of them is found to be true.

true

what type of statement is this?
if it is very cold, wear a heavy coat,
else, if it is chilly, wear a light jacket,
else, if it is windy, wear a windbreaker,
else, if it is hot, wear no jacket.

if/else ifstatement

what type of variable does this hold?

char grade;

holds a letter

____ connect two or more relational expressions into one or

reverse the logic of an expression.

Logical operators

&& is what logical operator?

AND

|| is what logical operator?

! is what logical operator?

NOT

Connects two expressions into one. Both expressions must be true
for the overall expression to be true.

AND

Connects two expressions into one. One or both expressions must
be true for the overall expression to be true. It is only necessary for
one to be true, and it does not matter which

Reverses the “truth” of an expression. It makes a true expression false, and a false expression true

NOT

What is the value of this expression?

true && false

false (0)

What is the value of this expression?

false || true

true (1)

true/false: All it takes for an OR expression to be true is for one of the sub-expressions to be true. It
doesn’t matter if the other sub-expression is false or true

true

What is the value of this expression?

!false

true(1)

What is the precedence of Logical Operators?

!
&&
||

___ is the process of inspecting

information given to a program by the user and determining if it is valid

Input validation

Relational operators can also be used to compare ____ and string
objects.

characters

The ____ statement lets the value of a variable or expression determine
where the program will branch to.

switch

switch statements involve ___ statements

case

The ___ statement causes the program to exit the switchstatement

break

An ____ data type is a

programmer-defined data type that contains a set of named integer constants

enumerated

in this value assignment, what value will red be assigned to:
enum Colors { red, orange, yellow = 9, green, blue };

Below is called:
num = num + 1;
num += 1;
num++;

incrementing

Below is called:
num = num - 1;
num -= 1;
num–;

decrementing

when the operator is placed after the variable

postfix mode

when the operator is placed before the variable name

prefix mode

++num; is what type of mode?

prefix mode

a control structure that causes a statement or group of statements to repeat

a loop

each execution of a loop is called an

iteration

a variable that controls the number of time a loop iterates is refered to a ___ _____ _____

loop control variable

by placing a semicolon after the first line of a while loop you can create an

infinite loop

process of inspecting data given to a program by the user and determining if it is valid

input validation

a variable that is regularly incremented or decremented each time a loop itierates

counter

the ____ ____ loop is a post test loop

do-while

you do this loop when you want to make sure the loop executes at least once

do-while

which type of loop is good for a menu

do-while

a pretest loop that combines the initialization, testing, and updating of a loop control variable in a single loop header

for loop

for loops contain three things

initialization, test, update

in a for loop if the initialization makes the test expression false, will the loop run?

a sum of numbers that accumulates with each iteration of a loop

running total

variable used to keep the running total is called a

accumulator

a special value that marks the end of a list of values

sentinel

what is the end of file function for an inputfile

inputFile.eof

use the ____ loop where you do not want the loop to iterate if the test condition is false from the beginning

while

use the ___ loop where you always want the loop to iterate at least once

do-while

use the ___ loop when you the exact number of iterations is known

for loop

nested loops have _____ and ____ loops

inner/outer

___ statements cause a loop to terminate early

break

_____ statement causes a loop to stop its current iteration and begin the next one

continue

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Exam1 Flashcards

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