Exam1

Question 1

Strategic decisions

Answer 1

Highes level of decisions

Longterm goals and the future

Question 2

Tactical Decisions

Answer 2

Medium range medium significance

Support the strategic decisions

Question 3

Operational Decisions

Answer 3

Everyday decisions regarding the operation support the tactical decisions
Little thought and highly structured

Question 4

Competitive Dimensions

Answer 4

Cost 
Quality 
Delivery Speed
Delivery Reliability
Demand Managment
Flexibility 
innovation

Question 5

Flexibility Pros and cons

Answer 5

Flexible system is more expensive, but implies quicker response to uncertainties in the demand.

Question 6

Order Winners

Answer 6

Criterion that differentiates one firm from another.

This is what seperates the men from the boys

Question 7

Order Qualifiers

Answer 7

Criterion that permits the firm’s products to even be considered for purchase.

You can’t go to market without meeting the qualifiers

Question 8

Productivity

Answer 8

Output/input
You can do partial measures too
output/(labor) output/capital
output/(labor+Capital+Energy)

its measures are relative they have to be compared to other firms

Question 9

Overall Productivity

Answer 9

Revenue/Total Expenses

Question 10

Product Development Process

Answer 10

Planning
Concept Development
System Level Design
Detail Design
Testing and Refinement
Production Rampup

Question 11

Planning

Answer 11

(resource allocation, project definition, goals, and constraints)

Question 12

Concept Development

Answer 12

customer needs identification)

Question 13

Design

Answer 13

(value engineering)

Question 14

Market pull products

Answer 14

Market opportunity to technology, e.g. sporting goods, furniture
Uses generic process

Question 15

Technology push products

Answer 15

Technology to market opportunity, e.g. teflon, gore-tex

Concept development takes technology as given

Question 16

Platform products

Answer 16

Built around existing platform, e.g. consumer electronics, printers
Concept development assumes proven technology platform

Question 17

Process intensive products

Answer 17

Product constrained by production process, e.g. semiconductors, chemicals
Product and process developed from start

Question 18

Quick build products

Answer 18

Rapid modeling and prototyping, e.g. software, cell phones

Many design-build-test cycles

Question 19

Complex systems

Answer 19

System includes many subsystems and components, e.g. airplanes, jet engines
System and subsystems developed by many teams working in parallel

Question 20

Challenges of NPD

Answer 20

Trade-offs
Lightweight vs. costly
Dynamics
Technologies, customer tastes, competition change environment
Details
Screws vs. snap fits on enclosure of computer
Time pressure
Decisions made quickly and without complete information
Economics
Large investment – will it pay off?
Organizational realities
Team composition, empowerment, functional allegiance, resources

Question 21

Sequential Vs Parallel Prototyping

Answer 21

Sequential is cheaper but more time consuming

Parallel is much quicker but more expensive

Question 22

Throughput time

Answer 22

The amount of time each unit spends in the manufacturing process

Question 23

Cycle Time

Answer 23

Average time between completion of successive units

Question 24

Throughput Rate

Answer 24

is the output rate that the process is expected to produce over a period
of time. Obviously
1/cycletime

Question 25

Work-in-Process (WIP)

Answer 25

number of units in the process at any given time

Question 26

Littles Law

Answer 26

WIP/Throughput rate

Question 27

push

Answer 27

make to stock

Question 28

pull

Answer 28

make to order