Exam U2 Flashcards
When and where was Muhammad born?
He was born in 570, in the Mecca
What is Islam?
Islam is a monotheistic religion, its prophet is Muhammad and its god is Allah.
What are the 5 pillars of Islam?
Believers must:
- Allah is their god and Muhammad, their prophet.
- They must pray 5 times per day facing the Mecca.
- They must fast during the month of Ramadan.
- They must go to the Mecca at least one time in their lives.
- They must help poor people.
When did Muhammad have a revelation?
When he was 40 years old, he had a revelation from the Archangel Saint Gabriel to start preaching the new religion.
When was the Hijrah?
Muhammad and their followers escaped from Mecca in 622, this began the Islamic Calendar.
What happened in 630?
Muhammad and their followers conquered the Mecca and then in 632, Muhammad died and they had conquered most of Arabia.
What happened in the Orthodox Caliphate?
(632-661) When Muhammad died, their family and closest friends were elected to be caliphs. The capital was Medina.
What happened in the Umayyad Caliphate?
(661-750) Umayyad and Ali’s followers fought a war and then Umayyad won. They moved the capital to Damascus, they conquered many territories.
What happened in the Abbasid Caliphate?
(750-1258) Abbasid murdered the Umayyad. The capital was moved to Baghdad. The empire fell in 1258 because Mongols captured Baghdad.
What was the Islamic organization?
Caliph, Vizier, Vali and Kadi.
What were Islamic economical activities?
Agriculture, Art, and Trade
What’s the Islam Society composition?
Arabs
Free people: Mawali and Dhimmi
Slaves
Composition of the cities
Medina Arrabals Mosque Fortress Zouk Hamman Madrasa Alhondiga
Decoration was…
…rich in the interior, based on pillars and arches. Marble is used for decoration but they used brick, wood, and plaster to build.
Mosques had…
Portico Minaret Haram Qibla Mihrab Minbar Maqsura
