Exam U2 Flashcards

1
Q

When and where was Muhammad born?

A

He was born in 570, in the Mecca

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2
Q

What is Islam?

A

Islam is a monotheistic religion, its prophet is Muhammad and its god is Allah.

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3
Q

What are the 5 pillars of Islam?

A

Believers must:

  • Allah is their god and Muhammad, their prophet.
  • They must pray 5 times per day facing the Mecca.
  • They must fast during the month of Ramadan.
  • They must go to the Mecca at least one time in their lives.
  • They must help poor people.
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4
Q

When did Muhammad have a revelation?

A

When he was 40 years old, he had a revelation from the Archangel Saint Gabriel to start preaching the new religion.

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5
Q

When was the Hijrah?

A

Muhammad and their followers escaped from Mecca in 622, this began the Islamic Calendar.

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6
Q

What happened in 630?

A

Muhammad and their followers conquered the Mecca and then in 632, Muhammad died and they had conquered most of Arabia.

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7
Q

What happened in the Orthodox Caliphate?

A

(632-661) When Muhammad died, their family and closest friends were elected to be caliphs. The capital was Medina.

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8
Q

What happened in the Umayyad Caliphate?

A

(661-750) Umayyad and Ali’s followers fought a war and then Umayyad won. They moved the capital to Damascus, they conquered many territories.

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9
Q

What happened in the Abbasid Caliphate?

A

(750-1258) Abbasid murdered the Umayyad. The capital was moved to Baghdad. The empire fell in 1258 because Mongols captured Baghdad.

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10
Q

What was the Islamic organization?

A

Caliph, Vizier, Vali and Kadi.

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11
Q

What were Islamic economical activities?

A

Agriculture, Art, and Trade

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12
Q

What’s the Islam Society composition?

A

Arabs
Free people: Mawali and Dhimmi
Slaves

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13
Q

Composition of the cities

A
Medina
Arrabals
Mosque
Fortress
Zouk
Hamman
Madrasa
Alhondiga
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14
Q

Decoration was…

A

…rich in the interior, based on pillars and arches. Marble is used for decoration but they used brick, wood, and plaster to build.

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15
Q

Mosques had…

A
Portico
Minaret
Haram
Qibla
Mihrab
Minbar
Maqsura
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