Exam Two Study Guide Part One

Question 1

What fats are generally considered to be unhealthy?

Answer 1

Saturated fats and trans fats

Question 2

What molecule is required along with oxygen to make ATP in the cells that make our brain and spinal cord?

Answer 2

Glucose

Question 3

Glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, maltose are all examples of what type of carbohydrate?

Answer 3

Simple sugars

Question 4

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are what type of sugar?

Answer 4

Monosaccharides

Question 5

Sucrose, lactose, and maltose are what type of sugar?

Answer 5

Disaccharides

Question 6

Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are examples of what type of carbohydrate?

Answer 6

Polysaccharides

Question 7

What’s a misunderstanding of the statement: “That food contains sugar, starch, and carbohydrate.”

Answer 7

Sugar and starch are carbohydrates

Question 8

Sugar is made when proteins chemically react in way that combine CO2 and H2O. Given the fact that photosynthesis is the process that creates sugar, where do sugars ultimately originate: animals, plants, fungi?

Answer 8

Plants

Question 9

Bees make honey from nectar and pollen. Where does the nectar come from?

Answer 9

Plants

Question 10

What is nectar made of?

Answer 10

Mostly sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose (which is glucose bonded with fructose).

Question 11

Who makes the sugars in honey: bees or the plants that make the nectar bees drink?

Answer 11

Plants

Question 12

Why is it incorrect for some people to think that are avoiding sugars: glucose, fructose, and sucrose when they eat honey?

Answer 12

Because honey is mostly sugar, particularly fructose and glucose

Question 13

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides are…?

Answer 13

Carbohydrates

Question 14

Monosaccharides and disaccharides are usually called?

Answer 14

Simple sugars

Question 15

Polysaccharides in whole fruits and whole vegetables are usually called…?

Answer 15

Carbohydrates

Question 16

The three monosaccharides many of us eat are?

Answer 16

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

Question 17

The three disaccharides many of us eat are. What are they composed of?

Answer 17

• Sucrose is made of glucose and fructose
• Maltose is made of two glucose molecules
• Lactose is made of glucose and galactose

Question 18

What are the three polysaccharides many of us eat?

Answer 18

Starch, cellulose, and glycogen

Question 19

Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are all nothing but bonds of glucose. So, then how do they differ from each other?

Answer 19

They differ in how their glucose units are linked together.

Question 20

Which polysaccharide do we consume when we eat meat or liver?

Answer 20

Glycogen

Question 21

Which two polysaccharides are made by plants and make up the tissue of plants?

Answer 21

Starch and cellulose

Question 22

Which of these two polysaccharides can we digest and thus use for energy?

Answer 22

Glycogen and starch

Question 23

Which of these two polysaccharides serves as “fiber” or what some call “bulk” in our diets? Can we digest and
extract energy from this molecule? Why or why not?

Answer 23

cellulose / no, we can’t digest cellulose, and thus we can’t extract energy from it / because we don’t
have the enzyme needed to break the kind of bond that links its glucose units together

Question 24

What two molecules do people make to store excess energy (particularly, glucose) they’ve eaten?

Answer 24

glycogen and triglyceride

Question 25

Which parts of our body make glycogen? What parts store glycogen?

Answer 25

Liver cells and muscle cells / both liver cells and muscle cells make and store
glycogen

Question 26

What part of our body makes triglyceride out of excess sugar?

Answer 26

Liver

Question 27

Is all of the triglyceride stored in our body made from sugar we eat? Explain.

Answer 27

No. Some of the triglycerides we store are made from the fats we eat.

Question 28

If a protein is considered a chain, we’d say its links are….

Answer 28

Amino Acids