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Chapter 6 Skeletal System > Exam two study guide > Flashcards

Exam two study guide Flashcards

1
Q

In regard to function of skeletal system, what are the five functions of the skeletal system?

A

Support, storage, blood cell production, protection and movement.

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2
Q

The support function does what

A

provides support and framework for attachment of soft tissue and organs.

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3
Q

Storage function does what

A

Calcium and phosphorus ions in body fluids, stores energy in lipids in yellow marrow.

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4
Q

Blood cell production (hematopoiesis) does what

A

red and white blood cells within red marrow.

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5
Q

Protection does what

A

bones protect soft tissue and organs

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6
Q

Movement does what

A

attach to bones by tendons, use as levers

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7
Q

In regard to general shapes of bones, long bones are

A

longer then wide, (femur) head of bone is proximal

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8
Q

Short bones are

A

generally cube shaped and mostly spongy bone, (carpal, sesamoid)

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9
Q

Flat bones are

A

thin, flattened, usually curved (parietal bone from roof of skull)

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10
Q

irregular bones are

A

complex shaped (vertebrae)

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11
Q

Osteocytes are

A

Mature bone cells found in compact and spongy bone, maintain normal bone structure by recycling calcium salts

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12
Q

Osteoblast are

A

cells responsible for production of new bone (osteogenesis). Produce new bone matrix and deposition of calcium salts

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13
Q

osteoclasts are

A

dissolve bony matrix by recreating acids and enzymes through resorption, regulates amounts of calcium and phosphates in fluids

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14
Q

ossification is

A

cartilage or other connective tissue are replaced by bone

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15
Q

calcification is

A

deposit of calcium salts during ossification

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16
Q

modeling is

A

all long bones start as cartilage, serves as model

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17
Q

remodeling is

A

continuously losing/bring in calcium & minerals through blood and pull of gravity

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18
Q

Calcium Metabolism is

A

D3 has been processed into liver, kidneys convert to calcitroll, a hormone that stimulates absorption of Ca & phosphate ions in digestion tract

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19
Q

Diaphysis is

A

a central shaft of long bone

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20
Q

Epiphyses is

A

expanded portions of the long bone covered by hyaline (articular cartilage)

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21
Q

Physis is

A

Growth

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22
Q

Metaphysis is

A

between growth

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23
Q

Periosteum is

A

outer surface of a bone, isolates bone from surrounding tissue, circ. and nervous supplies, growth and repair

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24
Q

Cancellous bone is

A

also called trabecular bone, spongy part of bone which fills the epiphyses

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25
Q

Red marrow is

A

forms blood cells in spongy bone of flat bones and epiphyses of some long bones

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26
Q

yellow marrow is

A

storage area for adipose tissue

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27
Q

oseon is

A

basic function and structural unit of compact bone

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28
Q

Lamellae is

A

cylindrical structures of calcified matrix orient parallel to long axis of central canal

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29
Q

Lacunae is

A

small pockets found in matrix between lamellae

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30
Q

Canaliculi is

A

small channels through matrix which interconnect lacunae to blood vessels

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31
Q

Calcium is

A

most abundant mineral in human, calcium phosphate 2/3 wt. of bone (calcium,ca phosphate, ca salt)

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32
Q

In regard to fractures, closed and open are

A

no broken skin, not exposed to environment and open skin, open to environment.

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33
Q

greenstick is

A

children, angular force applied to long bone, bowing 1 side of cortex, fracture opposite side

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34
Q

Torus is

A

localized buckling or bulge, little to no displacment

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35
Q

Transverse is

A

perpendicular to the long bone

36
Q

Oblique is

A

angular break, obliquely along axis

37
Q

spiral is

A

or torsion, broken with twisting force on more then one plane

38
Q

Comminuted is

A

three or more bone frag

39
Q

Segmental is

A

leaves free floating segment of bone

40
Q

impacted is

A

axial load force, drives bone ends together

41
Q

in regards to injuries, sprain is

A

stretches or tears one or more ligaments with in joints

42
Q

strain is

A

muscle tissue gets torn

43
Q

dislocation is

A

complete displacement of a bone end from normal position

44
Q

subluxation is

A

partial dislocation with in a joint capsule, risk of entrapping, compressing or tearing nearby blood vessels

45
Q

Articular tissue is

A

thin cap of the original cartilage model, remains exposed to the joint cavity

46
Q

epiphyseal plate is

A

growth plate, lengthwise growth bone by puberty

47
Q

fossa is

A

shallow depression

48
Q

Foramen is

A

rounded passageway for blood vessels and nerves

49
Q

sinus is

A

chamber within a bone normally filled with air

50
Q

groove is

A

sulcus

51
Q

Osteon or Haversian Structure

A

basic functional and structural unit of compact bone, see slide 23 for pic

52
Q

Axial Skeleton is

A

80 bones, skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage

53
Q

Appendicular skeleton is

A

126 bones, upper/ lower limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

54
Q

Bones of the face and skulls

A

22 bones, 8 skull, 14 face

55
Q

Skull is comprised of

A

8 bones, frontal, 2 parietal, occipital, 2 temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid

56
Q

Face is comprised of

A

14 bones, maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, vomer, inferior nasal conchae, mandible, palatine see slide 31

57
Q

Foramen Magnum is

A

big hole under skull for brain stem and spinal cord

58
Q

Vertebra body is

A

weight bearing portion of the vertbra

59
Q

Hyoid bone is

A

base of tongue, doesn’t articulate

60
Q

fontanel is

A

baby’s soft spot, cranial bones connected to fibrous connective tissue-bone in infancy

61
Q

Three (axial) parts of sternum are

A

Manubrium, body and xiphoid process

62
Q

Bones that form ankle are

A

Talus (articulates), Calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, 1,2,3 cuneiform

63
Q

Atlas is

A

C1 vertebrae

64
Q

Axis is

A

C2 vertbrae

65
Q

Ribs and locations are

A

12 ribs, true ribs (7) attched to sternum, False (8-10) fuse together, floating (11-12) no connective tissue

66
Q

three joint classifications are

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

67
Q

Fibrous joints are

A

reflect type of connective tissue that binds (little to no movement) suture line in skull

68
Q

Cartilaginous joints are

A

bone ends are connected to fibrocartilage (little or no movement) intervertebral joints, pelvis

69
Q

Synovial joints are

A

surrounded by fibrous tissue and end of bones are covered by cartilage (free movement) wide range

70
Q

Types of joints

A

Gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoidal, saddle, ball and socket

71
Q

Gliding joints are

A

non axial, flat surface allow slide (clavicles, carpals, and tarsals)

72
Q

Hinge joints are

A

uniaxial, angular movement in single plane (elbow, knee and ankle)

73
Q

Pivot joints are

A

uniaxial, permit rotation only (head, head of radius)

74
Q

Ellipsoidal are

A

biaxial, oval articular face with depression pop end (radius with carpal)

75
Q

Saddle joints are

A

biaxial, articular faces fit together like saddle (carpo-metacarpal joint-thumb)

76
Q

Ball and socket joints are

A

multi axial, round head of bone rests within a cup-shaped depression (shoulder and hip joints)

77
Q

Diarthrosis is

A

a freely moveable joint (synovial)

78
Q

Amphiarthrosis is

A

a slightly moveable articulation

79
Q

Synarthrosis is

A

an immovable joint which bones are united by fibrous connective tissue

80
Q

Hematopoiesis is

A

production of all types of blood cells, reside in bone marrow, maintain stem cell

81
Q

Sella turcia is

A

saddle shaped depression in the body of the sphenoid bone (landmark)

82
Q

inroVertebral disc is

A

fibrocartilage between vertebral bodies so they dont touch

83
Q

Hard Palates vs Soft palates

A

roof of mouth; hard front, soft in back

84
Q

vertebral column break down and count

A

24 single bones; cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

85
Q

cervical vertebrae is

A

c1-c7

86
Q

Thoracic vertebrae is

A

t1-t12

87
Q

Lumbar vertebrae is

A

L1-L5

Chapter 6 Skeletal System (1 decks)

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