Exam Two Review

Question 1

Random Sampling

Answer 1

every member of the population has an equal change of being selected

Question 2

Convenience Sampling

Answer 2

participants are readily available to use

Question 3

Volunteer Sampling

Answer 3

convenience sampling that participants actively choose to participate

Question 4

Issues in Sampling

Answer 4

generalizability (external validity), replication, volunteer samples

Question 5

Probability Issues

Answer 5

personal (subjective) probability, expected relative-frequency, and independence

Question 6

Personal (subjective) Probability

Answer 6

our best guess

Question 7

Expected Relative- Frequency

Answer 7

probability based on the actual outcome of many trials

Question 8

Independence

Answer 8

outcome of one trial doesn’t affect the outcome of others

Question 9

Compute Probabilities

Answer 9

probability = success/trials

Question 10

Confirmation Bias

Answer 10

the tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms ones preconceptions

Question 11

Illusory Correlation

Answer 11

perceiving a relationship between variables when no relationship exist

Question 12

Control Group

Answer 12

group that does not receive treatment

Question 13

Experimental Group

Answer 13

group that receives treatment

Question 14

Null hypothesis (Ho)

Answer 14

no difference between groups

Question 15

Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)

Answer 15

a difference does exist

Question 16

Reject Null

Answer 16

rejecting NO difference, which means there is a difference

Question 17

Fail to Reject Null

Answer 17

there is no difference between groups

Question 18

Type l Error

Answer 18

false positive: was wrong about being right

Question 19

Type ll Error

Answer 19

false negative: was actually right but said was wrong

Question 20

Central Limit Theory

Answer 20

1. As the sample size (N) increases, standard error decreases
2. Sampling distribution equals same mean
3. ALWAYS normal distribution