Exam Two - high yield for Heck

Question 1

Where does fertilization usually take place?

Answer 1

At the ampulla of the uterine tube

Question 2

How often does an ectopic pregnancy implant within the fallopian tube?

Answer 2

about 98% of the time

Question 3

Decidual cells

Answer 3

Before the fertilized ovum reaches the uterus, the mucous membrane of the body of the uterus undergoes important changes and is then known as the decidua. The thickness and vascularity of the mucous membrane are greatly increased; its glands are elongated and open on its free surface by funnel-shaped orifices, while their deeper portions are tortuous and dilated into irregular spaces. The interglandular tissue is also increased in quantity, and is crowded with large round, oval, or polygonal cells, termed decidual cells. Their enlargement is due to glycogen and lipid accumulation in the cytoplasm allowing these cells to provide a rich source of nutrition for the developing embryo

Question 4

Important risk factors for ectopic pregnancy:

Answer 4

***Salpingitis (chlamydia, gonorrhea STDs)
Prior ectopic pregnancy 
Tubal reconstructive surgery, ligation
IUD
Ovulation induction

Question 5

Where does ascites of the abdomen collect near the pelvis?

Answer 5

The pouch of Douglas (lowest point)… aka rectouterine pouch/fossa

Question 6

What is the procedure used to drain abnormal fluid found within the pouch of Douglas?

Answer 6

Culdocentesis (thru posterior fornix of vagina)

Question 7

Levels of LH and FSH during menopause?

Answer 7

Elevated… due to loss of inhibition from estrogen (which is decreasing)

Question 8

Menopausal sx?

Answer 8

Hot flashes, sleep disturbances, depression, vaginal dryness/atrophy, changes in sexual function (desire), cognitive changes and joint pain

Question 9

Bone changes during menopause?

Answer 9

…

Question 10

Large risk factor for endometrial cancer? Why?

Answer 10

Unopposed estrogen therapy… causes hypertrophy of uterine cells… increases endometrial proliferation/hyperplasia

Question 11

What zone of the endometrium grows in response to hormones each month?

Answer 11

The stratum functional (it is sloughed during menstruation each month)

Question 12

Where/when are vacuolated cells present in the endometrium?

Answer 12

During the secretory phases (13-14 days, 14 through 28 days), found in the secretory endometrium

Question 13

Describe the changes to the endometrium status post menopause:

Answer 13

Endometrium undergoes atrophy, consists of only stratum basal…glands are sparse and inactive (glandular epithelial cells are cuboidal or low columnar and show no mitotic or secretory activity)

Question 14

Pathological condition of the endometrium?

Answer 14

Hyperplastic endometrium (…