Exam Two Flashcards
Which is an example of social drift in schizophrenia?
a. The tendency to drift from topic to topic when conversing, as in word salad
b. Decreased amount of socialization as psychosis progresses
c. Sliding down the economic ladder due to psychosis
d. Drifting attention in social interactions due to hallucinations
sliding down the economic ladder due to psychosis
The concordance rate for schizophrenia is:
a. Higher among identical twins than fraternal twins
b. Higher among fraternal twin than identical twins
c. Equal among identical and fraternal twins
d. Equal among twin and non-twin siblings
higher among identical twins than fraternal twins
The trainee told his supervisor that his client “barely talks during the session and only answers my questions with one or two-word responses.” His supervisor responded that the client was experiencing:
a. Echolalia
b. Avolition
c. Anhedonia
d. Alogia
alogia
After taking antipsychotic drugs for many years, Sue developed muscle tremors, fidgeting, muscle rigidity, lip smacking, repeated eye blinking, and other repetitive, involuntary movements. The symptoms worsened over time and won’t go away because _______
a. Sue has developed tardive dyskinesia
b. Sue’s schizophrenia is progressing
c. Sue’s psychosis is mostly due to negative symptoms
d. Sue’s brain ventricles have become enlarged
Sue has developed tardive dyskinesia
Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
a. Persecutory delusions
b. Anhedonia
c. Flattened affect
d. Asociality
persecutory delusions
Which symptoms are assumed to reflect a person’s disorganized thinking?
a. Flattened affect and asociality
b. Diminished emotional expression
c. Loose associations and word salad
d. Avolition and anhedonia
loose associations and word salad
When it comes to diagnosing psychosis, are there any ethnic or racial differences?
a. Perhaps. Some newer studies suggest ethnic or racial differences in European countries, but no such differences have been noted in the US or Canada.
b. Yes. People belonging to an ethnic or racial minority group are more likely to be diagnosed with psychosis.
c. No. The prevalence of psychosis is generally equivalent across all ethnic and racial populations.
d. Yes. Caucasian individuals are twice as likely to be diagnosed with psychosis than those belonging to an ethnic or racial minority.
yes. people belonging to an ethnic or racial minority group are more likely to be diagnosed with psychosis
What is the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?
a. Schizophrenia results from a lack of dopamine in the brain
b. Stress causes the diminishment of dopamine in the brain, which in turn produces psychosis
c. Schizophrenia results from too much dopamine in the brain
d. Stress causes an overabundance of dopamine in the brain, which in turn produces psychosis
schizophrenia results from too much dopamine in the brain
Because the term “schizophrenia” is often interpreted as meaning ______, people often confuse it with __________
a. Paranoia; paranoid personality disorder
b. Frenzied thinking; panic disorder
c. Split mind; multiple personalities
d. Mind erosion; Alzheimer’s Disease
split mind; multiple personalities
Which of these has been linked to schizophrenia?
a. High socioeconomic status
b. Being a white male
c. Physical or sexual abuse
d. Living in a rural environment
physical or sexual abuse
For four consecutive days, Ricardo experienced grandiosity, excessive energy, a decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, extreme talkativeness, and a euphoric mood. He did not experience any other mood problems during the four-day period. Willie would most likely meet the criteria for a ______ episode.
a. Manic
b. Depressive
c. Hypomanic
d. Mixed
hypomanic
To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, one must suffer:
a. Multiple depressive episodes but no manic or hypomanic episodes
b. One or more major depressive episodes but no manic or hypomanic episodes
c. One major depressive episode and more hypomanic episode but no manic episodes
d. One major depressive episode, one manic episode, and one hypomanic episode
one or more major depressive episodes but no manic or hypomanic episodes
This disorder has symptoms that are often (but not always) milder than the symptoms of major depressive disorder. A person with this disorder may experience changes in sleep and appetite, low energy, feelings of hopelessness, decreased self-esteem, and problems concentrating. The symptoms are considered chronic/ongoing and must last at least two years before a diagnosis can be made.
a. Bipolar II disorder
b. Persistent depressive disorder / dysthymia
c. Bipolar affective disorder
d. Cyclothymic disorder
persistent depressive disorder/dysthymia
Which of the following is not used as a mood stabilizer?
a. Second-generation antipsychotics
b. Benzodiazepines
c. Tricyclic antidepressants
d. Anticonvulsants
tricyclic antidepressants
Mary feels depressed and hopeless because she has been socialized by her family and the broader culture to suppress her preferences and her feelings. This explanation of Mary’s depression best reflects:
a. Hopelessness theory
b. Silencing the self (STS) theory
c. Emotion-focused therapy
d. Family-focused therapy
silencing the self (STS) theory
Critics argue that this disorder is stigmatizing because it reinforces gender stereotypes about emotional instability.
a. Major depressive disorder
b. Bipolar I disorder
c. Seasonal affective disorder
d. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
The prevalence of bipolar disorder is ______ the prevalence of depression
a. About the same as
b. Higher than
c. Lower than
d. Not directly comparable to
lower than
Discontinuation syndrome:
a. Results when depressed clients abruptly stop seeing their therapists and their depression suddenly recurs
b. Most commonly includes extrapyramidal symptoms
c. Describes the feeling of loss some individuals experience when their manic symptoms go away
d. Can afflict those who stop taking SSRIs and SNRIs
can afflict those who stop taking SSRIs and SNRIs
If you had a client with bipolar disorder and believed that many of their symptoms were impacted by problems with sleep and circadian rhythms, you might consider using ______
a. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
b. Dynamic interpersonal therapy
c. Short-term psychoanalytic supportive therapy
d. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
interpersonal and social rhythm theory
Dr. Lupin believes that depression results from a shortage of the neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Further, he believes that antidepressants are the best method to treat depression. Dr. Lupin would probably endorse the _______
a. Neurotransmitter theory of depression
b. Dopamine hypothesis
c. Monoamine hypothesis
d. Black box labeling of antidepressants
monoamine hypothesis
Since her car accident six weeks ago, Dolores has refused to drive. She’s also experienced anxiety, flashbacks, and dissociative symptoms. Her symptoms most closely resemble:
a. Persistent complex bereavement disorder
b. Adjustment disorder
c. Acute stress disorder (ASD)
d. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
posttraumatic stress disorder
Because of its role in long-term memory storage, researchers believe that the ______ plays a role in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
a. Hippocampus
b. Hypothalamus
c. Amygdala
d. Thalamus
hippocampus
The fight or flight response is controlled by the ________
a. Medial prefrontal cortex
b. Sympathetic nervous system
c. Parasympathetic nervous system
d. Hypothalamus
sympathetic nervous system
A child who spent the first 6 years of her life in a run-down, overcrowded, and ill-staffed orphanage would be particularly susceptible to developing _______
a. Adjustment disorder of childhood
b. Reactive attachment disorder
c. Disinhibited social engagement disorder
d. Prolonged grief
reactive attachment disorder
Which statement about genes and PTSD is false?
a. The serotonin transporter gene has been implicated
b. Many different genes have been associated with PTSD
c. Some genes are associated with both PTSD and schizophrenia
d. Women appear less genetically vulnerable to PTSD than men
women appear less genetically vulnerable to PTSD than men
Complex PTSD differs from PTSD by the addition of which symptoms?
a. Bereavement, uncontrollable sobbing, withdrawal at home and work
b. Amnesia, derealization, depersonalization
c. Flashbacks, dissociation, heightened arousal
d. Difficulty with emotions, feelings of worthlessness, and relationship difficulties
difficulty with emotions, feelings of worthlessness, and relationship difficulties
A fair amount of research suggests that this therapy is effective at reducing post traumatic stress. However, researchers can’t quite explain why it works. This may partly explain why there is a lot of controversy surrounding _________
a. Behavioral activation
b. Exposure therapy
c. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
d. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
Sixteen-year-old Justin hasn’t been feeling like himself. Since the loss of his grandfather, he reports that “everything around me feels weird and different.” He feels separated from his surroundings, “as though I’m walking in places that I know very well, but they somehow feel unfamiliar to me.” His therapist replies: “There’s a term for what you are feeling. It’s called _____.”
a. Depersonalization
b. Prolonged grief
c. Derealization
d. Bereavement
derealization
Which is TRUE of social support?
a. It has little relevance to PTSD, which is entirely genetic
b. PTSD increases the likelihood of receiving it
c. It is only needed by PTSD patients over age 50
d. It protects against PTSD
it protects against PTSD
______ appears overactive is posttraumatic stress, while the _____ appears underactive
a. The medial prefrontal cortex; the amygdala
b. Serotonin; norepinephrine
c. The amygdala; the medial prefrontal cortex
d. Norepinephrine; serotonin
the amygdala; the medial prefrontal cortex
Which symptoms reflect disruptions of cognitive retrieval?
a. Avoidance and distraction
b. Amnesia and flashbacks
c. Sadness and anxiety
d. Pain and pain perception
amnesia and flashbacks
A person with alexithymia has difficulty:
a. Processing painful memories
b. Expressing emotions verbally
c. Interpreting body language
d. Understanding social cues
expressing emotions verbally
Dissociative and somatic complaints are often traced to which historical diagnosis?
a. Neurasthenia
b. Hysteria
c. Melancholia
d. Anhedonia
hysteria
Which is NOT TRUE of somatic disorders?
a. Serotonin-related genes have been implicated
b. Parental criticism predicts somatic symptoms
c. Personality traits appear to be important predictors
d. The environment seems to play a minimal role
the environment seems to play a minimal role
Which best illustrates the diathesis-stress model of psychosomatic illness?
a. Any time Fay becomes stressed, she stops communicating with friends
b. Broderick is feeling anxious and stressed over his recent cancer diagnosis
c. Maria is depressed because she has the flu
d. Whenever Georgia is under pressure at work, her asthma gets worse
whenever georgia is under pressure at work, her asthma gets worse
Antidepressants, anxiolytics, and antipsychotics are prescribed for patients with dissociative disorder diagnoses. Why?
a. To directly reduce dissociative symptoms
b. Because there is overwhelming evidence of their effectiveness for dissociation
c. To boost dopamine and decrease depression
d. To treat comorbid depression, anxiety, psychosis, and trauma
to treat comorbid depression, anxiety, psychosis, and trauma
Which statement is CORRECT?
a. Chinese patients are less likely to present with somatic symptoms than Western patients
b. US clinicians less firmly distinguish dissociation from somatization compared to European clinicians
c. In non-Western countries, DID patients sometimes present as being possessed by spirits rather than as having different personalities
d. Ideas about dissociation and somatization used to vary cross-culturally, but they no longer do
in non-western countries, DID patients sometimes present as being possessed by spirits rather than as having different personalities
Some people fake or exaggerate symptoms to convince others they are sick. When done from a deep psychological need for medical attention, it is called _____; when done to gain something else such as disability payments, it is called ______.
a. Factitious disorder; malingering
b. Illness anxiety disorder; hypochondriasis
c. Hypochondriasis; illness anxiety disorder
d. Malingering; factitious disorder
factitious disorder; malingering
“Your client is compartmentalizing,” explains Dr. Grater to a therapist-in-training. Dr. Grater’s statement makes clear that he is discussing:
a. Dissociation
b. Psychosis
c. The traumagenic position
d. Post Traumatic stress
dissociation
Rubina wakes up one day, distressed, because she suddenly became blind overnight even though she doesn’t have any known medical illness. She is rushed to the emergency room, but medical tests suggest that her eyes are fine - she can see but experiences blindness anyhow. Her doctors suggest that her blindness could be ______
a. The result of Munchausen’s syndrome
b. A symptom of conversion disorder
c. An iatrogenic condition
d. Depersonalization / derealization disorder
a symptom of conversion disorder
