exam two Flashcards
Which of the following is true about EMDR?
a. It no longer relies on bilateral stimulation.
b. It is controversial because exactly why it works isn’t clear.
c. It has not been found to be effective in research studies.
d. It is used for adjustment disorders, but not PTSD.
b. It is controversial because exactly why it works isn’t clear.
“Hostile families are likely to have difficulty in response to loss.” This reflects what approach?
a. Family focused grief therapy
b. Integrative behavioral couples therapy
c. Multifamily group psychoeducation
d. Cognitive-behavioral conjoint therapy (CBCT)
a. Family focused grief therapy
“PTSD involves some memories that are verbally accessible and others that are situationally accessible.” This reflects which cognitive approach?
a. Dual representation theory
b. Emotional processing theory
c. Negative appraisals theory
d. Cognitive processing therapy?
a. Dual representation theory
Someone diagnosed with PTSD who appears to be in perpetual “fight or flight” mode would likely show heightened nervous system activity.
a. sympathetic
b. parasympathetic
c. autonomic
d. peripheral
a. sympathetic
What type of drugs is most often prescribed for people experiencing posttraumatic stress?
a. Tricyclics
b. Atypical antipsychotics
c. SSRIs
d. Anticonvulsants
c. SSRIs
Which is not true about group therapy for posttraumatic stress?
a. It is a commonly used intervention.
b. Some approaches try to help members gain insight into their feelings and relationship patterns.
c. Some approaches incorporate exposure techniques.
d. Extensive RCT studies have shown group approaches are effective.
d. Extensive RCT studies have shown group approaches are effective.
Only “D” is false. While group therapy for PTSD is commonly used, there are not many RCTs showing its effectiveness.
Which of the following does not have a historical connection to today’s PTSD diagnosis?
a. War neurasthenia
b. Shell shock
c. Railway spine
d. Prolonged grief
d. Prolonged grief
From an evolutionary standpoint, which of the following is true about grief?
a. Grief may be adaptive by signaling a strong ability to form attachments.
b. Grief is maladaptive because it indicates a tendency to become overly attached.
c. Grief increases fitness because people are attracted to people in mourning.
d. Grief is maladaptive because it suggests immune system inflammation.
a. Grief may be adaptive by signaling a strong ability to form attachments.
Which of the following does NOT constitute a trauma, as it is defined in the DSM and ICD?
a. Being mugged in an alley
b. Surviving an earthquake
c. Being broken up with by one’s partner
d. Getting shot during a war
c. Being broken up with by one’s partner
Why have some military groups advocated renaming posttraumatic stress disorder as posttraumatic stress injury?
a. Because “injury” makes clear that one has been psychologically wounded and has a serious medical disorder.
b. To destigmatize what many see as an understandable emotional response to the traumas of war.
c. Use of the word “injury” makes it more likely that insurers will cover treatments.
d. Because posttraumatic growth often results from psychological injury.
b. To destigmatize what many see as an understandable emotional response to the traumas of war.
The main difference between posttraumatic stress and acute stress involves which of the following?
a. Intensity
b. Duration
c. The kind of trauma experienced
d. Impact on relationships
b. Duration
Which PTSD intervention is now controversial because there is some evidence it may harm clients?
a. Psychological first aid
b. Stress inoculation training (SIT)
c. Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD)
d. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
c. Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD)
Which is not a goal of therapy rooted in negative appraisals theory?
a. Alter negative appraisals of the trauma.
b. Eliminate dysfunctional cognitive and behavioral strategies.
c. Alter dysfunctional fear structures.
d. Reduce re-experiencing of the trauma by elaborating memories of it and identifying triggers.
c. Alter dysfunctional fear structures.
Why is in vivo exposure not usually viable for treating posttraumatic stress?
a. It is better to do therapy incognito.
b. Exposure to traumas is likely to retraumatize.
c. Evidence suggests imaginal exposure is more effective.
d. The traumatic event cannot be recreated.
d. The traumatic event cannot be recreated.
Which of the following is true about posttrauamtic growth?
a. Is rooted in operant conditioning.
b. Reflects how trauma has positive, as well as negative, impacts.
c. Can be treated with antidepressants.
d. Is a secondary outcome emphasized in mindfulness meditation.
b. Reflects how trauma has positive, as well as negative, impacts.
Which best describes the current consensus among genetic researchers on PTSD?
a. People with a genetic predisposition will inevitably develop PTSD in response to trauma.
b. Genetic predispositions make people vulnerable to PTSD following traumas.
c. If the PTSD gene is inherited, then PTSD will develop regardless of circumstances.
d. Candidate genes related to dopamine are consistently tied to PTSD.
b. Genetic predispositions make people vulnerable to PTSD following traumas.
Which is not true of short-term dynamic therapy of stress syndromes?
a. Underlying emotional conflicts and counterproductive. patterns of relating to others are examined.
b. It makes use of the therapeutic relationship.
c. It is used for posttraumatic stress but not for bereavement.
d. There have been efforts to research its effectiveness, though the strength of evidence is debated.
c. It is used for posttraumatic stress but not for bereavement.
“After surviving the accident, the world seemed fundamentally different. Even food didn’t taste the same.” This is an example of what?
a. Depersonalization
b. Derealization
c. Amnesia
d. Compartmentalization
b. Derealization
Sally has been experiencing a great deal of stress lately. Within the last three months, she got married and began a new job. What diagnosis might you suspect is most appropriate?
a. Adjustment disorder
b. Acute stress reaction
c. Posttraumatic stress disorder
d. Complex bereavement
a. Adjustment disorder
An assessment for psychosis is given to the same patient 6 months apart. Both times it indicates that schizophrenia is the best diagnosis. This illustrates which of the following?
a. Test-retest reliability
b. Internal validity
c. Interrater reliability
d. Construct validity
a. Test-retest reliability
How might an overactive mesolimbic dopamine pathway contribute to schizophrenia?
a. By fostering aberrant salience.
b. By reducing dopamine levels.
c. By causing extrapyramidal side effects.
d. By increasing venticle size.
A
Aberrant salience is when people over-attribute meaning to stimuli; it has been hypothesized that excessive mesolimbic dopamine pathway activity leads to aberrant salience.
Which statement is true?
a. Schizophrenia is often strongly correlated with social inequality and adversity.
b. Schizophrenia occurs about equally across racial and minority groups.
c. Consumer groups typically reject the medical model of schizophrenia.
d. Expressed emotion has minimal effect on schizophrenia.
a. Schizophrenia is often strongly correlated with social inequality and adversity.
Which of the following is true about positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
a. They suggest the patient is improving by moving in a positive direction.
b. They are additions to the personality, such as hallucinations.
c. They are not affected by antipsychotic drugs.
d. They are rarely noticed due to the more florid negative symptoms.
b. They are additions to the personality, such as hallucinations.
What neurotransmitter problem is most commonly associated with schizophrenia?
a. Too little serotonin
b. Too little glutamate
c. Too much GABA
d. Too much dopamine
d. Too much dopamine
The stress-vulnerability-coping skills model of psychosis combines which two perspectives?
a. Humanistic and biological
b. Psychodynamic and biological
c. Cognitive-behavioral and biological
d. Family systems and biological
c. Cognitive-behavioral and biological
Pre-therapy is rooted in which theoretical perspective?
a. Psychodynamic
b. Humanistic
c. Cognitive-behavioral
d. Narrative
b. Humanistic
Concordance rates are which of the following?
a. The percentage of time that one or the other twin in a twin pair is diagnosed with schizophrenia.
b. How likely one family member is to have schiziophrenia when another family member has it.
c. The percentage of time that the environment leads one twin to not develop schizophrenia despite a genetic predisposition.
d. The percentage of the time that both twins in a twin pair are diagnosed with schizophrenia.
d. The percentage of the time that both twins in a twin pair are diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Which community care approach applies humanistic-existential principles to therapeutic communities for those diagnosed with schizophrenia?
a. Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)
b. Open Dialogue
c. NAVIGATE program
d. Soteria Model
d. Soteria Model
Which is an example of a double bind?
a. Blaming parents for their children’s schizophrenia.
b. Being disappointed when one’s best friend doesn’t return a call.
c. Being told to hurry up but then being yelled at when one goes too fast.
d. Going to the movies and not being able to decide between an action movie and a romantic comedy.
c. Being told to hurry up but then being yelled at when one goes too fast.
Which was an early 20th-century treatment for schizophrenia?
a. Hypnosis
b. Bibliotherapy
c. Hydrotherapy
d. Cognitive-behavioral therapy
c. Hydrotherapy
Social drift refers to people diagnosed with schizophrenia drifting .
from thought to thought
from job to job
down the socioeconomic ladder
into hallucinations and delusions
down the socioeconomic ladder