Exam training Flashcards
What means the wall of confusion between Dev and Ops?
The wall of confusion is a psychological and procedural barrier that obstructs the flow of communication
between the Development and the Operations teams
Name 11 primary problems underlying the wall of confusion.
Organizational Silos Different Mindsets Different Implementations Different Tools: Lack of Interest in Learning Other Tools Different Environments: Loss of Work Blame Game Build Rollback Disintegrated Processes No Feedback Loop
What are the 3 elements of creating an antifragile organisation?
Management innovation
Lean Startup
Devops
How differs the High-performing IT Organization from other organizations? 5x
3 highs: - More frequent deployments - Faster recovery from failures - Better netto promotor scores 2 lows: - Lower change failure rates - Shorter lead times
Seven reasons for DevOps
- Improved speed to market
- Continuous Integration and delivery
- Higher quality, fewer failures, and higher stability
- Innovation and creativity
- Increased employee engagement and job satisfaction
- Breaking down silos and eliminating waste; It is all about collaboration!
- Resource and cost reduction
DASA devops definition
DevOps is a CULTURAL and OPERATIONAL model that
fosters COLLABORATION to ENABLE high-performance IT to ACHIEVE business goals
What are the 2 core methodologies underlying DevOps?
Agile methodologies and Lean IT
Name 3 differences between Activity focused and product-focused development.
‘Activity-Focused’ (siloed) Traditional vs ‘Product-Focused’ (team): Agile
Specialty Oriented Work Oriented
Functionally Organized Team Organized
Project Focused Product Focused
Work with Individuals Work with Teams
What is the difference between plan-driven and value-driven regarding devils triangle?
Plan-driven: functionality is fixed
value-driven: resources and time is fixed
Lean focuses on creating the value for customer. name the 4 elements of Lean to create this value.
Pull, perfection, flow, value stream
What is flow in Lean context?
Create a continuous flow in production with the Just-in-Time approach and reduce peak and low volumes
Name 6 DevOps core principles
CCECCA
- Customer-centric action
- Create with the end in mind
- End-to-end responsibility
- Cross-functional autonomous teams
- Continuous improvement
- Automate everything you can
How to meet customer requirements? 4x
● Innovate continuously.
● Adjust when a certain strategy is not working.
● Constantly invest in products and services that receive a maximum level of customer delight.
● Rapidly respond to changing or emerging customer needs.
Name the 7 keyroles of devops
Scrum Master/Team Manager Business representative/Product Owner Technical architect Developer Tester Operations Engineer User Experience
name 4 Dasa Skill Areas
CoCoLeTe: Courage Teambuilding DevOps Leadership Continuous Improvement
name 8 Dasa Knowledge Areas
Business Value Optimization Business analysis Architecture and design Programming Continuous Delivery Test specification Infrastructure Engineering Security, Risk and compliance
Name 5 DASA maturity levels
Fundamentals Practitioner Specialization: enable and scale Specialization: Specify and verify Specialization: Create and deliver
What are underlying problems regarding the wall of confusion?
Dissolving the wall of confusion requires tackling a variety of underlying problems, such as
organizational silos, different mindsets, blame game, build rollback, disintegrated processes,
and no feedback loops.
What is antifragility?
Antifragility is the ability of systems (or organizations) to get better as a result of shock,
disruptions or disorder.
What is culture?
Culture is the sum total of behavior and mindset of an organization, supported and enhanced
by the values and beliefs of that organization.
What is the core of DevOps culture
The core of the DevOps culture is the emphasis on service.
Two elements of service mindset
A perfect service mindset ensures that a high quality product is not only available but also
meets the needs of the customer.
What are the 6 typical cultural aspects of a DevOps team
The typical cultural aspects of a DevOps team are Continuous Learning, Experimentation, Build Quality in, An Engineering Culture, A Culture of Effectiveness, and A Culture of Product Thinking.
Some of the cultural elements that can help you develop an effective and successful DevOps
culture
Some of the cultural elements that can help you develop an effective and successful DevOps
culture are
Teambuilding and Collaboration,
Continuous Improvement and Problem-Solving,
Courage and Experimentation, and
Leadership and Feedback.
Definition of a team
A team is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common
purpose, set of performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually
responsible
The three key aspects that can motivate anyone
The three key aspects that can motivate anyone are Autonomy, Mastery, and Purpose.
The Kaizen mindset means integrating the three behaviors
The Kaizen mindset means integrating the three behaviors: - Seeing and prioritizing problems, - solving the problems, and - sharing lessons learned, into the DevOps team.
The four actions that a DevOps team can take to ensure their actions are accepted
The four actions that a DevOps team can take to ensure their actions are accepted are
- ensure customer buy-in,
- define and deliver an MVP,
- focus on the goal, and
- take small steps
Leadership is about
Leadership is about
- taking decisions,
- acting in accordance with the goals of the team,
- and being accountable for the actions taken by the team.
Central command vs Mission command
Central command is to lead a team through detailed instructions. Mission command means
leading a team through vision and empowerment.
An effective leadership helps DevOps teams to overcome the five barriers:
An effective leadership helps DevOps teams to overcome the five barriers: TRACC - lack of TRUST, - fear of CONFLICT, - avoidance of ACCOUNTABILITY, - lack of COMMITMENT, - inattention to RESULTS.
Keytool for leaders?
Feedback is the key tool that leaders should use and stimulate.
What means changing a culture?
Changing the culture is a collective movement in which behavior, attitude, and mindset are
adjusted through feedback.
Describe Conways law.
Organizations which design systems are constrained to produce designs which are copies of the
communication structures of these organizations.
What is the current preferred organization model for DevOps?
The current preferred way of organizing DevOps teams is to enable autonomous Business
System teams that can “land” their application and infrastructure code on a platform that is
maintained by a Platform team.
How are activity-focused organizations organized?
Activity-focused organization are specialty Oriented, Functionally Organized, Project Focused,
Work with Individuals, and Optimized for Resource Utilization.
How are productr-focused organizations organized?
Product-focused organization Work Oriented, Team Organized, Product Focused, Work with
Teams, and Optimized for Speed.
How to set up teams?
Set up teams structured around distinct services and products
What are the three basic design criteria to determine the autonomy of a team?
The three basic design criteria to determine the autonomy of a team are customer, technology
stack, and knowledge.
What is the decoupling point?
The decoupling point defines the point within the technology stack where the responsibility is
transferred between the Business System team and the Platform team.
What is the aim of IT architecture?
The aim of IT architecture is to support functional requirements with non-functional or quality
requirements. Building (other) qualities in simultaneously with the functional requirements is a
major enabler of faster and better IT services.
What is the relation between complexity, number of services and quality?
Complexity increases with the number of services, and quality falls as complexity increases
What are the guidelines for microservice architecture (MSA)?
Guidelines for MSA include
- autonomous systems,
- simplicity, and
- low coupling/high cohesion.
Characteristics of MSA include…9x
Characteristics of MSA include
- Componentization via Services,
- Organized Around Business Capabilities,
- Products not Projects,
- Smart Endpoints and Dumb Pipes
- Decentralized Governance
- Decentralized Data Management
- Infrastructure Automation
- Design for Failure Tolerate, and
- Evolutionary Design.
Why governance?
Governance ensures that the Business receives the right Innovation and Service Delivery as
agreed (on time, at agreed quality and at the right price).
What is an important technique to scaling Scrum and meet governance?
The Scrum of Scrums meeting is an important technique in scaling Scrum to a large project
with multiple Business System teams.
What is the preferred interaction between Business System teams and Platform teams?
selfservice by Business Service teams.
What are the components of the Spotify model?
Squad = team Tribe = organizing multiple related squads Chapter = cross-squad team in tribe Guild = cross tribe team
What is the goal of a chapter?
maintaining and developing standards
What is the goal of a guild?
community of interest (development, test, UX…)
What means DMAIC
Define Measure Analyze Improve Control
Implementing DevOps across multiple teams brings a new set of (governance) challenges. Name 6x
Implementing DevOps across multiple teams brings a new set of challenges, such as: ● Project dependencies ● Multiple locations ● Centralized resource planning ● Integration of technologies ● Multiple stakeholders ● Operational support
What are key characteristics of Agile?
Agile is a time-boxed and iterative approach towards software delivery
What are key characteristics of Scrum?
Scrum emphasizes
- empirical feedback,
- team self management, and
- performs product increments within short iterations.
Name the Agile Manifesto
When working Agile, the team chooses:
○ Individuals and interactions over processes and tools.
○ Working software over comprehensive documentation.
○ Customer collaboration over contract negotiation.
○ Responding to change over following a plan.
The eight types of waste
The eight types of waste can be recalled by thinking TIMWOODS: Transportation, Inventory,
Motion, Wait, Overprocessing, Overproduction, Defects, and Non-Utilized Skills.
Why Value Stream Mapping
VSM is about identifying (and removing) wastes in a process.
Why Minimal Value Product-tool?
MVP is a great tool for verifying hypothesis
Why Story Mapping?
Story Mapping helps build your MVP in an iterative manner where one can use Agile
methodologies to engineer the solution.
ITIL is published as a series of five books that cover the following five ITSM lifecycle stages:…
Service Strategy Service Design Service Transition Service Operation Continual Service Improvement
Lean is an organized way that considers the following aspects to deliver maximum customer value:
● Eliminate waste (also known as Muda)
● Eliminate overburden/too high workload (also known as Muri)
● Eliminate lack of balance in workloads/lack of predictable flow (also known as Mura)
What are the steps of VSM?
Customer Objectives and Process Actors Define Activities Define Work in Progress Identify Rework Assess Activities Determine Proccess Cycle Efficiency Determine Value Add for Each Activity
What are 4 types of feedback?
Feedback on Build and Tests
Feedback on Deployability
Feedback on Runtime Behavior
Feedback from the Customer
