Exam Topics Flashcards
What is the first step in determining the selling price of baked goods?
Calculate Ingredient Costs
This involves tracking ingredient costs and calculating the cost per unit.
How do you calculate the cost per unit of an ingredient?
Divide the total cost of the ingredient package by its total quantity
For example, if a 5 lb bag of flour costs $2.64, the cost per ounce is $0.03.
What should be included when calculating the labor costs for baked goods?
Determine your hourly rate and calculate labor cost per item
For instance, if you pay yourself $20/hour and it takes 30 minutes to bake 12 cookies, the labor cost per cookie is $0.83.
What are the two types of overhead costs to consider?
- Fixed Costs
- Variable Costs
Fixed Costs include rent and utilities, while Variable Costs include packaging materials and marketing expenses.
What does COGS stand for?
Cost of Goods Sold
COGS represents the total expense incurred in producing one unit of a baked good.
What is the formula for calculating COGS?
COGS = Ingredient Cost + Labor Cost + Overhead Cost
This includes all costs associated with producing the item.
What is the typical profit margin range for baked goods?
- Low: ~5%
- Average: ~10%
- High: ~20% or more
This varies by industry and market expectations.
How can you build flexibility into your pricing?
By slightly increasing prices beyond calculated values
For example, rounding up from $2.80/item to $3/item.
What is HACCP?
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points
HACCP is a preventive approach to food safety that identifies and controls hazards.
What are the seven principles of HACCP?
- Conduct a Hazard Analysis
- Determine Critical Control Points
- Establish Critical Limits
- Establish Monitoring Procedures
- Establish Corrective Actions
- Establish Verification Procedures
- Establish Record-Keeping and Documentation Procedures
These principles guide the implementation of HACCP.
What is the primary goal of HACCP?
To prevent hazards rather than relying solely on end-product testing
It focuses on controlling potential hazards during production.
What are conventional functional foods?
Natural whole-food ingredients that are inherently rich in nutrients
They do not require modification to deliver health benefits.
Give examples of conventional functional foods.
- Fruits: Blueberries, apples
- Vegetables: Broccoli, spinach
- Nuts: Almonds, walnuts
- Seafood: Salmon
These foods provide health benefits due to their nutrient content.
What are modified functional foods?
Processed or fortified products with added nutrients
Examples include fortified juices and cereals.
List some health benefits of functional foods.
- Prevention of nutrient deficiencies
- Protection against chronic diseases
- Support for growth and development
- Improved digestive health
- Weight management
Functional foods can enhance overall well-being.
What are natural food supplements?
Dietary products derived from natural sources designed to provide nutrients
They include vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.
What is the purpose of natural food supplements?
To support overall health by addressing nutrient deficiencies
They help enhance specific bodily functions.
How can natural food supplements improve bioavailability?
Nutrients from natural sources may be more bioavailable than synthetic ones
This enhances their effectiveness in the body.
What are biotics?
Naturally occurring beneficial bacteria found in fermented foods like yogurt or kefir that support gut health.
Examples of biotics include probiotics which are often consumed for digestive health.
What is one benefit of natural food supplements for pregnant women?
They may take folic acid derived from natural sources to reduce the risk of neural tube defects in their babies.
Folic acid is crucial for fetal development.
How do natural food supplements help older adults?
They might benefit from calcium and vitamin D for bone health due to reduced nutrient absorption.
Calcium and vitamin D are essential for maintaining bone density.
What is improved bioavailability in natural food supplements?
Nutrients from natural sources may be more bioavailable (easier for the body to absorb) compared to synthetic alternatives.
For example, natural vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopherol) is better absorbed than its synthetic counterpart.
Name a natural food supplement that supports heart health.
Omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil.
Omega-3 fatty acids are known for their cardiovascular benefits.
What do probiotics improve?
Digestion and strengthen the immune system.
Probiotics are often found in fermented foods and supplements.
What is one advantage of natural food supplements compared to synthetic options?
They often contain fewer artificial additives, preservatives, or fillers.
This makes them appealing for individuals seeking ‘cleaner’ products.
True or False: Natural food supplements cannot cause side effects.
False.
They can still cause side effects if taken improperly or in excessive amounts.
Give an example of a potential side effect from high doses of iron.
Constipation or nausea.
It’s important to follow recommended dosages to avoid such effects.
What is a risk when taking St. John’s Wort?
It may reduce the effectiveness of antidepressants or birth control pills.
This interaction can be significant for individuals on these medications.
What does the lack of standardization in natural food supplements imply?
Potency and purity can vary widely between brands due to minimal regulation.
Consumers should choose reputable manufacturers to ensure quality.
What is a risk of overusing multiple supplements simultaneously?
Increases the risk of overdosing on certain nutrients.
Fat-soluble vitamins like A, D, E, K can accumulate and lead to toxicity.
Under which act are dietary supplements regulated in the United States?
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA).
This act distinguishes dietary supplements from drugs and conventional foods.
What should consumers look for on supplement labels to ensure quality?
Third-party certifications such as NSF International or USP Verified marks.
These certifications help assure the product’s safety and effectiveness.
Fill in the blank: Always discuss supplement use with a _______ before starting any regimen.
[healthcare professional].
What is one way to create visual appeal on a buffet table?
Varying heights using serving trays, cake stands, or decorative items.
This enhances the dining experience by creating dimension.
Why is it important to have a clear starting point on a buffet table?
To help guests easily understand where to begin serving themselves.
This prevents confusion and traffic jams.
What is a strategy for the strategic placement of dishes on a buffet?
Place popular or abundant dishes earlier in the line.
This ensures an efficient flow of traffic and prevents food shortages.
Why should dishes be labeled clearly on a buffet?
To help guests identify foods, especially those with dietary restrictions or allergies.
Clear labeling enhances guest safety and satisfaction.
What is one method to prevent messes at a buffet?
Provide small plates near each dish for resting serving utensils.
This keeps serving areas clean.
What is an effective traffic flow design for a buffet?
Use circular tables for open flow during cocktail hours or networking events.
This layout minimizes overcrowding.
Why should staging occur before adding food to a buffet?
To visualize spacing and adjust before adding food.
This ensures everything fits cohesively without overcrowding.
How can coordinating table linens enhance a buffet?
Cohesive linens enhance aesthetics and tie into the event’s theme.
Matching colors and styles can elevate the overall presentation.
What is one way to create an aesthetic backdrop for a buffet?
Use garlands, streamers, balloons, or themed decorations.
These elements can complement the event colors and vibe.
What should be considered for accessibility on a buffet table?
Leave enough space between tables for wheelchair access if needed.
This ensures everyone can comfortably serve themselves.
