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pob exam three > exam three > Flashcards

exam three Flashcards

1
Q

phenotype

A

an individual’s actual appearance

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2
Q

genotypes

A

alleles carried by the chromosomes that are responsible for a given trait

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3
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

most common lethal genetic disorder among caucasians in the US; chloride ion chancel defective due to mutation

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4
Q

polygenetic inheritance

A

a trait controlled by two or more genes; skin color and height

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5
Q

linkage group

A

all alleles on one chromosome

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6
Q

mother

A

male humans get their X chromosome from their

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7
Q

recessive

A

most X-linked disorders are __________ for females

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8
Q

karotype

A

chromosomes arranged by pairs according to their size and general appearance

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9
Q

trisomy

A

three copy chromosome

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10
Q

monosomy

A

one copy chromosome

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11
Q

turner syndrome

A

females have one X chromosome; usually are short with webbed neck, high palate, and small jaw; no puberty

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12
Q

poly x

A

more than 2 X chromosomes; usually tall, no other phenotypes

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13
Q

polyploidy

A

errors in mutation can produce a species that has more than two chromosome sets

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14
Q

lamarack

A

inheritance of acquired traits

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15
Q

Darwin

A

evolution by natural selection

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16
Q

fossils

A

remains and traces of past life

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17
Q

mold

A

a fossil in which air space remains

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18
Q

cast

A

fossil where silica fills the space

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19
Q

transitional forms

A

individuals in between known related animals

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20
Q

vestigial structures

A

anatomical structures with a function in one group of organisms, but reduced function in a closely related group

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21
Q

homology

A

similarly that results from common ancestry

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22
Q

analogy

A

similarity that results form separately evolved structures that have a similar function; eyes of humans vs. eyes of whales

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23
Q

vertebrates

A

at some point in development, _____ all have a tail posterior to the anus and structures called pharyngeal pouches

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24
Q

artificial selection

A

type of human-controlled breeding to increase the frequency of desired traits

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25
Q

microevolution

A

a change in allele frequency in a population over time

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26
Q

gene pool

A

all alleles of all genes in a population

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27
Q

bottleneck effect

A

chance event that change allele frequency; loss of genetic diversity

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28
Q

founder effect

A

a few individuals colonize a new habitat; also a loss of genetic diversity

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29
Q

gene flow

A

the movement of alleles between populations; increases genetic diversity

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30
Q

stabilizing selection

A

average phenotype is favored

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31
Q

directional selection

A

one extreme phenotype is favored

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32
Q

disruptive selection

A

two extreme phenotypes are favored

33
Q

macroevolution

A

evolution involving speciation and divergence of life into all of its forms

34
Q

speciation

A

two different populations of a single species evolve into separate species

35
Q

allopatric speciation

A

geographical barriers separate a population into two groups

36
Q

sympatric speciation

A

speciation occurs in the same region

37
Q

miller urey

A

experiment that created atmospheric conditions to make all 22 amino acids

38
Q

halophiles

A

salty

39
Q

thermoacidophiles

A

hot, acidic, aquatic environments

40
Q

methanogens

A

anaerobic, use carbon dioxide and hydrogen as energy, swamp and intestines

41
Q

binary fission

A

how do bacteria reproduce

42
Q

conjugation

A

reproduction of bacteria by way of a sex plus

43
Q

tranformation

A

getting genetic information from dead bacteria

44
Q

transduction

A

viruses carry bacterial DNA from cell to cell

45
Q

heterotrophic

A

require organic carbon for food

46
Q

chemoautotrophs

A

use chemicals to fix carbon dioxide

47
Q

photoautotrophs

A

cyanobacteria that utilizes photosynthesis

48
Q

food poisoning

A

toxin grows in the food

49
Q

capsid and nucleic acid core

A

what ar two components of all viruses

50
Q

attachment

A

viral life cycle: spike combines with receptor

51
Q

entry

A

viral life cycle: virus enters cell and uncoating begins

52
Q

replication

A

viral life cycle: many copies of viral RNA genome are made

53
Q

biosynthesis

A

viral life cycle: viral components are synthesized

54
Q

assembly

A

viral life cycle: new viruses are now present

55
Q

budding

A

viral life cycle: virus acquires an envelope and spikes

56
Q

antigenic drift

A

small changes in the virus, mutation of existing traits

57
Q

antigenic shift

A

new combination of surface spikes

58
Q

prions

A

infectious protein particles

59
Q

archaeplastids

A

red and green algae, spirogyra

60
Q

spirogyra

A

filamentous green algae, ribbon like chloroplast, reproduce by conjugation

61
Q

chromalveolates

A

dinoflagellates, ciliates, brown algae, diatoms

62
Q

diatoms

A

unicellular algae, glassy cell wall, filter or abrasives

63
Q

brown algae

A

multicellular and marine, kelp

64
Q

dinoflagellates

A

unicellular algae, red tides, bioluminescent water

65
Q

ciliates

A

unicellular protists, heterotrophs use cilia to move and sweep food into their mouths

66
Q

excavates

A

flagellates, euglena

67
Q

flagellates

A

use a flagella to move, euglena

68
Q

euglena

A

mixotrophy, eyespot for detecting light intensity, flagella

69
Q

amoeba

A

pseudopodia, nucleus, heterotroph

70
Q

plasmodium

A

a single cell that is large and multinucleate, feeds on decomposers and dead plant matter

71
Q

saprophytic

A

decomposers that recycle nutrients into the ecosystem

72
Q

lichen

A

relationship between algae and fungi

73
Q

mycorrhizae

A

relationship between plant roots and fungi

74
Q

hyphae

A

a body mass of individual filaments

75
Q

mycelium

A

a mass of hyphae

76
Q

chitin

A

what do fungi cell walls have that separates the from plant cell walls

77
Q

conidia

A

sac fungi reproduction of chains of asexual spores

78
Q

basidium

A

the sexual reproduction of a club fungi

pob exam three (1 decks)

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