Exam Three Flashcards
Exam Three practice
autotrophs
Organism that makes its own food using carbon from inorganic molecules such as CO2, and energy from the environment.
heterotrophs
Organism that obtains energy and carbon from organic compounds assembled by other organisms.
aerobic respiration
Oxygen-requiring pathway that breaks down carbohydrates to produce ATP.
C6H12O6+O2+CO2+H2O
= ATP
ANaerobic respiration
a form of respiration using electron acceptors other than oxygen
Fermentation
pathways that break down carbohydrates without using oxygen. The final steps in these pathways regenerate NAD+ but do not produce ATP.
Lactose Fermentation
Anaerobic carbohydrate breakdown pathway that produces ATP and lactate
end products of lactose fermentation
lactic acid, carbon dioxide, and ATP.
lactose fermentation net yield of ATP
2 per molecule of glucose
Alcoholic Fermentation
Anaerobic carbohydrate breakdown pathway that produces ATP and ethanol. Begins with glycolysis; end reactions regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue.
end product of alcoholic fermentation
Alcohol and carbon dioxide
alcoholic fermentation net yield of ATP
2 per molecule of glucose.
photosynthesis
o Process by which producers use light energy to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water.
o Metabolic pathway by which most autotrophs capture light energy and use it to make sugars from CO2 and water.
glycolysis
a series of reactions that begins carbohydrate breakdown pathways. The reactions, which occur in the cytoplasm, convert one molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate
where glycolysis occurs
cytoplasm
first phase of glycolysis
The Preparatory Phase:
• in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase
second phase of glycolysis
The Pay Off Phase:
• in which ATP is produced.
glycolysis net yield
2 Pyruvate
2 ATP
2 NADH+
4 steps of aerobic respiration
glycolysis
formation of Acetyl CoA
Citric Acid Cycle/Kreb’s Cycle
Electron Transport Phosphorylation
where does step 1 of aerobic respiration occur
cytoplasm
where does step 2 of aerobic respiration occur
the matrix of the mitochondria
what is produced in the formation of Acetyl CoA?
carbon dioxide
where does step 3 of aerobic respiration occur
the matrix of the mitochondria
what is produced during electron transport phosphorylation?
H2O
Oxygen
ATP
net yield of ATP during electron transport phosphorylation?
34 ATP
