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Exam - Mental Health > Exam Terms to Know > Flashcards

Exam Terms to Know Flashcards

1
Q

Mental Disorder / Major Mental Disorder

A

abnormal pattern of thoughts, emotions, or behaviours caused by a personal dysfunction associated with lots of personal distress or disability

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2
Q

Psychosis

A

Psychosis is a group of symptoms that involve impaired reality testing

A person has difficulty perceiving what is real and what is fantasy

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3
Q

Links between mental disorder and crime

A

The links between mental disorders and crime have followed three lines of inquiry:

  • Mental disorder among criminal offenders
  • Criminal behaviour among psychiatric patients
  • Mental disorder and crime among community samples
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4
Q

Criminalization of mental disorder

A

individuals with mental disorders go into the criminal justice system for disruptive behaviours instead of being treated as patients in the mental health system

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5
Q

Deinstitutionalization

A

This is a policy implemented in many Western jurisdictions that involves transferring psychiatric patients out of large-scale institutions and into community-based care

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6
Q

Police discretion

A

Police are more likely to arrest someone with a mental disorder as opposed to someone doing the same conduct with no disorder

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7
Q

Ease of apprehension

A

This is when offenders with mental disorders may be more easily identified and apprehended for the crime they commit

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8
Q

Symptom-based theories of crime

A

Theories that contribute to the criminal behaviour of a person with a mental disorder to the altered perceptions, thoughts, and emotions experienced as a result of his or her mental condition

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9
Q

Symptom consistent behaviour

A

Conducts that appear to reflect the symptoms of a person’s mental disorder making it easier to tell the disorder that contributed to his or her behaviour

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10
Q

Delusions and crime

A

Some qualities that are associated with an increased risk of violence are:

Persecutory delusions - Beliefs or delusions where the person believes the other person is out to get them

Delusional distress

Belief maintenance

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11
Q

Hallucinations and crime

A

Command hallucinations are a false auditory perception of being ordered to do something

  • Qualities influencing compliance
  • Recognized and trusted voice
  • Seriousness of the act commanded
  • Pressure and persistence of the voice
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12
Q

Threat control - override symptoms

A

Principle of rationality within irrationality:
- This is the theory that violence committed by individuals with psychosis is often a rational response to irrational symptoms that they experience and perceive as real

Threat symptoms:
- Psychotic symptoms that cause an individual to feel that he or she is likely to be harmed (Equivalent to persecutory delsuisons)

Control override symptoms:
- Psychotic symptoms that may lead to a diminished sense of control and autonomy over one’s body and actions

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13
Q

Vince Li

A

Found not criminally responsible

Had schozophrenia

God told him to kill tim

Stabbed him a bunch of times

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14
Q

Tense situations

A

These are incidents of interpersonal distress and/or conflict that result when other people get frustrated or attempt to confront or control a person manifesting psychosis

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15
Q

Consequences of criminalization of mental disorder

A
  • Increased risk of victimization
  • Physical/sexual exploitation
  • Administrative segregation
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16
Q

Role of the police in criminalization

A

Those with mental illness are more likely to have contact with the police than the general population

Police play a role in the criminalization of those with mental illness
- They are the key to the CJS
- Also the key entry to the mental health system

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17
Q

Forensic mental health system

A
  • The interaction of mental illness and crime/the law
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18
Q

“Hold your Fire” documentary

A

Documentry that explained indivuals who have mental illnesses, get excessive force used upon them from police, instead of de-escalating the situation

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19
Q

Mental Health court

A

They are problem-solving courts

The goals of them are to:
- Address the underlying cause of crime
- Focus on the accused as an individual, with specific needs
- Therapeutic jurisprudence
- Connect with resources and social services

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20
Q

The national video example of mental health courts

A

Mental healths courts help people with issues, they come out and have lower rates of re-offending due to the tools and services they were provided in their programs from the mental health courts

21
Q

Not criminally responsible (NCR/NCRMD)

A

No person is criminally responsible for an act they committed while suffering from a mental disorder where they could not know the act of omission was wrong

22
Q

Role review board

A

The review board is made up of:

  • A psychiatrist
  • A mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist
  • A lawyer
  • A person from the community with a background in mental health
  • A chairperson who is either a senior lawyer or a retired judge
23
Q

Trends in the National Trajectory project of individuals found NCR

A

It aims to enhance our understanding of the experiences and needs of individuals found NCR and to improve the overall management of forensic mental health cases

24
Q

“Out of mind, out of sight” documentary

A

Takes place in a Brockville mental hospital centre, a forensic psyhciatric hospital in Ontario.

The film goes into the experiences of individulas who have been deemed not crimianlly responsible for their actions due to mentall illness.

Michelle, killed his mom from schizophrenia, blunt force truma to the head

Family stood by him

Women cause more violence within the centre than males, but males cause more violence outside

25
Q

Bill C-54 - Not Criminally Responsible Reform Act

A

This emphasizes the concern for the public safety of those with mental illness

They push for harsher punishment

Focus on the victim

26
Q

High-risk NCR designation

A

Detention is the only option

Unable to leave the hospital grounds unaccompanied for any reason can only leave accompanied by medical treatment

27
Q

Recidivism of NCR / high-risk NCR

A
  • Established history of antisocial behaviour
  • Family problems
  • Substance abuse problems
28
Q

NCR a get out of jail free card

A

NCR defense is often seen by the public as a get-out-of-jail-free card

People who are found NCR do not receive a determinate sentence, meaning they are held until the review board decides they can go

The reality of it is NCR accused are more likely to be detained and they are less likely to be discharged than convicted offenders

29
Q

Canadian juror and NCR

A

Negative attitudes about mental illness can impact a juror’s understanding of NCR

Bias and stereotypes contribute to these negative attitudes

Overestimation of the use of NCR/insanity defence

30
Q

Mental health and female offending

A

Women in conflict with the law have more in common with other women than they do with male inmates in terms of their socio-economic situation program and treatment needs

31
Q

Types of crime women commit

A

Crime against the person

Crimes against the property

Administration of justice offences

More common charges are:
Crime related to illicit drugs

Theft and fraud

Women are less likely than men to offend a second time

32
Q

Victim/Survivor/Offender connection

A

A pathway to female offending. It connects women who experience various types of abuse as a child or young adult, who then becomes survivors of abuse, and then for whatever reason return to crime as a coping strategy

Weather its for survival or a coping strategy they cant help it becuase of their mental state

33
Q

Coping strategies

A

They can be functional or dysfunctional

A behaviour a person employs to deal with a difficult situation or a stressor

Issues women face while being incarcerated:
- Stress about their children
- Lack of privacy
- Feeling physically contained

Some dysfunctional strategies:
- Self-i jury
- Suicide
- Alcohol and drug abuse

34
Q

Prevalence of mental disorder among female offenders

A

Prevalence = the number proportion of cases of any disorder in a population at any given time

High rates of mental disorders among federal offenders have been consistent finding

Mental disorder among incarcerated women is four times higher than in the general population of women

Evidence suggests that the high rate of exposure to violence, particularly sexual violence, in the lives of girls and women may have contributed to their mental health problems

35
Q

The risk need and responsivity model

A

Developed in 1990, RNR principles are the cornerstone of what works

  • risk principle
  • Need principle
  • Responsibility override

Has evolved and now there are 15 principles

36
Q

The gender-responsive model

A

Creating choices outlines five principles to guide programming for federally sentenced women

Four key principles to discuss:
- Trauma responsivity
- Strength-based
- Relational
- Holistic treatment

37
Q

Cascading

A

The process of reclassification that takes offenders and gradually placing them in lower security facilities while they complete their rehabiliation programs

It allowes correctinal staff to observe how women respond to a progressively lower security enviroment while still providind support and supervision

38
Q

Security classification

A

Helps determine the level of superivison, treatemnet and interventioned needed to address their mentail health needs while ensuring public safety.

The different security elvels are low, medium, and high risk

39
Q

Recidivism rates/female offenders and mental health

A

Research shows no difference in recidivism rates between female offenders with mental disorders and female offenders without

Four situations that increased the risk of recidivism:
- Co-mobility
- Presence of certain psychotic symptoms
- Poor medication compliance
- Presence of certain mental disorders

40
Q

“Out of Control” - Ashley Smith documentary

A

She spent excessive time in solitary confinement

Oiginially arrretsed for throwing grab apples

Ended up dying due to self-strngulation

raises awareness for people with mental illnesses, she was not given the proepr support she needed

41
Q

Juror mental health

A

Jurors are instructed not to discuss the active trial with one another leading to jurors suffering in silence and isolation

The lack of resources available to jurors in court may prolong the trauma and worsen the sense of isolation

42
Q

Juror secrecy

A

juror secrecy is a fundamental aspect of the jury system that helps safeguard the fairness, impartiality, and independence of jury deliberations, thereby upholding the principles of justice within the legal system.

43
Q

Concerns about serving on a jury

A
  • Disruptive to their daily lives both at home and work
  • Some have to work after hours to keep up
  • Unprepared for the emotional impact of jury service
44
Q

Impact of jury duty on mental health

A
  • Not being able to talk about your feelings to others due to the secrecy rule
  • Most say it’s the single most stressful event of their lives
  • Jurors report the extreme stress and anxiety confronting other jurors
  • Feel shame, guilt, regret, remorse and anxiety
45
Q

BC jury duty support pilot program

A

Juror support programs are maintained through an EAP service

Jurors should access the same supports provided to First Responders managing PTSD

Juror support should be moved from EAP suppliers to Clinical Units in Public health service

46
Q

Canadian Public Service personnel + mental illness

A

PSP are at higher risk for mental illness because they have increased exposure to potentially traumatic events

In Canada, we do not have robust data on mental disorders among PSPs

47
Q

Correctional service workers + mental illness

A

Explore relationships between positive screening rates for mental disorders and several putative demographic risk factors including sex, marital status , ethnicity, years of service

48
Q

“Officer Down” Fifth Estate documentry

A

Officer garry pulled over an individual for speeding, the indiviudal refused arrest and sped away with the officer being dragged alongside for a few miles, then eventually Jesse reached for a gun and hot him in the head

Looks at teh dangers and risks that officers face

Exam - Mental Health (1 decks)

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